ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
849 
Cream prepared after this manner and mixed with the acid is ready 
for butter-making in about 24 hours. 
Bacteroids of the Leguminosae.* * * § — From experiments made by Herr 
D. Morck on 64 species of Leguminosae (49 Papilionaceae, 8 Caesalpinieae, 
and 7 Mimoseae), he has come to the conclusion that tubercles may 
appear on the roots of all leguminous plants under favourable conditions. 
He states that in the youngest cells of the tubercles no bacteroids are to 
he seen, but only a protoplasmic substance and numerous small globular 
microbes. These increase greatly in number and size at the expense 
of the protoplasmic substance, and assume the form of rods, which often 
branch. When they have attained a certain size, they begin to be 
resorbed for the benefit of the plant. When the bacteroids have entirely 
disappeared there remain in the cells only some small microbes, which 
return to the soil. 
American Rhizobia.f — Mr. A. Schneider has investigated the 
symbiotic fungus in the roots of a number of American Leguminosae, 
and has come to the conclusion that there are probably several distinct 
species of Bhizobium, for which he proposes the names B. mutabile , 
symbiotic on Trifolium pratense , T. repens, Melilotus alba , and Lathy rus 
odoratus , B. curvum on Pliaseolus pauciflorus, B. FranMi on Bhaseolus 
vulgaris and Bisum sativum , B. nodosum on Dalea alopecuroides, Bobinia 
Pseudacacia , and Cassia Chamsecrista , and B. dubium on Amphicarpsea 
comosa. 
Bacillus of the Sugar-cane.J — M. T. Valeton confirms Janse’s 
observation of the presence of Bacillus Sacchari in the cultivated sugar- 
cane ; he finds it also in three wild varieties, and in the rice-plant. It 
was accompanied by Bacillus Glagse. 
Bacillus pyogenes foetidus.§ — Signor E. Burci describes the 
microscopic characters of a bacillus isolated from an abscess, and its 
behaviour on nutritive media. This microbe, B. pyogenes fcetidus, is a 
facultative anaerobe thriving in an atmosphere of carbonic acid or of 
sulphuretted hydrogen. 
Inoculation with small quantities produced abscesses in animals, and 
in the pus of the abscesses the same bacillus was always found. If 
large quantities were injected then general disorder ensued and termi- 
nated in death. 
If the cultivations were kept at 37° for several days, the pathogenic 
properties of the bacillus were usually diminished ; though this was not 
always the case, as two animals died some days after inoculation, and the 
bacillus was found in both. If the metabolic products of the bacillus 
were injected, only those animals died which had received the largest 
doses (10 ccm.). In these cases the post-mortem examination was 
negative. Animals when injected with small quantities were found to 
remain immune to the bacillus for thirty-four days. 
* Ueb. d. Formen d. Bakteroiden b. d. einzelnen Sp. d. Leguminosen,’ Leipzig, 
1891 (5 pis.). See Bot. Centralbl., li. (1892) p. 119. 
f Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xix. (1892) pp. 203-18 (2 pis.) 
+ ‘ Bacteriolog. onderzoek v. riet-varieteiten,’ Soerabaia, 1891. See Bot. Centralbl., 
xl. (1892) p. 177. 
§ See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) pp. 666-7. 
