ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
853 
cultivations were also made ; each of these tubes was sufficient to impreg- 
nate a litre of water in which bread could be soaked. 
The method adopted was merely to soak bread in the infected culti- 
vation fluid and place a small piece in the holes, and the way the 
treatment worked itself out was by the mice handing the disease on from 
one to another, the dead bodies being eaten by their comrades and so on. 
In a few weeks the numbers of the field mice were so much reduced 
that it was admitted by everybody that the plague was stayed. 
Bergonzini’s “Micrococci.”* — Sig. C. Bergonzini attempts in this 
monograph a scientific classification of Bacteria and more especially 
of Micrococci. The usual signification of the terms Staphylococci, 
Streptococci, &c., is discarded, and the grouping of Micrococci is em- 
ployed as a basis for classifying four subgenera with the following 
characters: — (1) Micrococci occurring singly or in irregular masses 
(Staphylococci). (2) Micrococci usually arranged in pairs (Diplococci). 
(3) Micrococci usually forming chains (Streptococci). (4) Micrococci 
usually arranged in tetrads (Sarcina, Merismopedia). These are further 
subdivided according to their behaviour in artificial nutrient media. 
The author does not take mobility into consideration, as he describes 
cocci as being always motionless or with only a faintly discernible 
oscillation. The different arrangement of the material is little dis- 
tinguishable from that of most diagnostic handbooks and tables. 
Baumgarten’s Annual of Pathogenic Micro-organisms.f — The sixth 
volume of this useful and comprehensive report on pathogenic micro- 
organisms, including Bacteria, Fungi, and Protozoa, has recently appeared. 
The present volume maintains the high character of its predecessors and 
is on quite similar lines. 
Abbot, A. C. — The Principles of Bacteriology. London, 1892, 8vo. 
Beitrage zur Physiologie u. Morphologie niederer Organismen. Aus dem kryptogam. 
Laboratorium der Universitat Halle a. S. Hrsg. v. W. Zopf. (On the Physio- 
logy and Morphology of Lower Organisms. From the Cryptogamic Laboratory 
of the University of Halle a/S. Edited by W. Zopf.) 
Part 1, Berlin, 1892, large 8vo, vi. and 97 pp. (3 figs.). 
Bouchard, Ch. — L es microbes pathogenes. (Pathogenic Microbes.) 
Paris, 1892, 16mo. 
Fraenkel, 0., u. R. Pfeiffer — Mikrophotographischer Atlas der Bakterien- 
knnde. (Microphotographic Atlas of Bacteriology.) 
Parts 14 and 15 (conclusion), Berlin, 1892, large 8vo, xii. pp., 
with 8 photo-plates and 8 sheets of explanation. 
Gley et Charrin — Les habitats des microbes. (The Habitats of Microbes.) 
Compt . Rend. Soc. Biol , 1892, pp. 553-5. 
Hood, P. H. — An Inquiry into Malaria or Marsh Miasmata and the so-called 
Malarial Fevers. Pacif. Med. Journ ., 1892, pp. 141-56, 202-12, 271-96. 
K amen, L. — Ueber den Erreger der Malaria. (On the Cause of Malaria.) 
Beitr. z. Pathol. Anat., 1892, pp. 395-406. 
* Modena, 1890, folio, 67 pp. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk xi 
(1892) p. 692. 
f P. Baumgarten, ‘ Jahresbericht fiber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den 
pathogenen Mikroorganismen, umfassend Bakterien, Pilze und Protozoen, unter 
Mitwirkung von Fachgenossen bearbeitet,’ vi. (1890) erste Halfte, pp. 352, Braun- 
schweig, 1891. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) p. 730. 
