44 
ANNIE MATTHEWS. 
the work very much easier, and enabled me to get all the 
necessary stages with a minimum amount of labour. My 
warmest thanks are also due to Prof. Hickson, of the Man- 
chester University, for many useful hints and for reading 
through and criticising the completed paper. 
2. Introduction to the Development of Alcyonium 
Digitatum. 
The broad outlines of the development of Alcyonium 
digitatum were worked out by A. Uowalevsky in 1873 ( 8 ), 
and amplified later by Hickson (2, 3, 4, and 4a), and it has 
been the object of this paper to add further details to the 
information given by these authors. On the whole the results 
agree, except in some details concerning the sequence of 
development of certain organs. 
There is an interesting general resemblance between the 
accompanying sketches of the segmenting egg, the planula 
and the early fixed polyp, and those previously given by : 
( 1 ) de Lacaze-Duthiers, for Astroides calycularis ( 10 ). 
(2) Wilson, for Renilla and Leptogorgia (16). 
(3) Kowalevsky and Marion, for Sympodium and Clavel- 
lina (9). 
A comparison of the plates given by these authors with those 
at the end of the present paper will demonstrate this. In 
particular, PI. xiii, fig. 6, of de Lacaze-Duthiers , memoir (10) 
would illustrate excellently the way in which Alcyonium larvae 
settled in the finger-bowls in which they were reared, during 
the experiments now described. Therefore, A. digitatum 
bears out the collected evidence that the Anthozoa develop 
roughly according to one and the same plan. 
3. Methods used to Preserve and Stain the Alcyonium 
Material. 
(1) Preserving fluids. 
(a) Schaudinn’s fluid (corrosive sublimate and absolute 
alcohol). 
