256 
J. STEPHENSON. 
resemble, however, the unicellular glands found in a corre- 
sponding position in other animals; and though the authors 
had not succeeded in discovering their ducts, they thought it 
not impossible that they secrete the viscid substance which 
the worm mixes with its food. 
Hesse (6, 1894) considers the pharyngeal cells of Oligo- 
chseta in general as belonging fo the epithelial layer; in the 
Naididac and Tubificidas the ventral end of each cell is pro- 
longed into a duct, which debouches between the lining 
epithelial cells of the pharyngeal cavity ; the ducts of these 
cells are more drawn out in Lumbricus. 
Beddard ( 2 , 1895) does not treat of the pharyngeal gland- 
cells of earthworms apart from the well-known “ septal 
glands ” of EnchytraBidae, etc. The septal glands in general, 
and so by implication the cells under consideration, appear 
to him to be simply epidermic glands which have been 
invaginated along with the stomodaeum, though their position 
causes him some doubt. 
The author who has examined these cellular aggregates in 
detail in the largest number of species, and who has given 
the most precise accounts of their supposed ductules and 
manner of discharge is Eisen ( 4 , 5 , 1895, 1896). In 
Phoenicodrilus taste the masses (called “salivary 
glands ”) discharge through ducts which follow the muscle 
strands into the pharyngeal cavity ; and it is probable that 
all the suprapharyngeal glands in Lumbricids open similarly 
and without any great variation as to detail ; narrow ducts 
penetrate the pharyngeal epithelium, forming near the free 
surface small ovoid pockets for temporarily storing a small 
amount of the salivary secretion. These (suprapharyngeal) 
glands are connected posteriorly with the septal glands, — 
four pairs, superposed on several main longitudinal muscular 
bands which connect the pharyngeal glands with the body- 
wall in segment IX ; their ducts, both wide and narrow, follow 
these muscles, so that the secretion of the septal glands also 
is emptied into the pharynx. InPontodrilus michaelseni 
the pharyngeal or salivary glands have a similar position,. 
