PHARYNGEAL GLAND-CELLS OF EARTHWORMS. 279 
connective tissue thus forms to a certain extent a central 
axis for the whole, though it is not very distinct as such in 
the middle of the lobes. While the appearances point, as 
before, unmistakably to the derivation of this connective 
tissue from the chromophil cells, that which sparsely penetrates 
between the interlacing muscular fibres of the dorsum of the 
pharynx has equally unmistakably another origin. 
Nothing that can be called a capsule is visible ; the cells 
form the surface of the mass. Here and there in the larger 
specimens, in a prolonged search, are seen a few elongated, 
or even flattened, nuclei on or near the surface; once a little 
reddish (eosin) tinted material allowed a distinction to be 
made between a superficial layer of tissue and the chromophil 
cells beneath. But practically everywhere the surface of the 
masses is the surface — it may be the irregular or disintegrating 
surface — of the chromophil cells ; and where the interstices 
between neighbouring cells come up to the surface they are 
not bridged over. 
These young specimens confirm in all respects what was 
said previously regarding the relation of the smaller masses 
to the septa and blood-vessels in this species. The cells 
appear as developments of their peritoneal covering, the 
place of which they take, and with which they are con- 
tinuous. 
The Cells in the Lumbricid Embryo. 
An embryo Lumbricid, pretty certainly Helodrilus cali- 
ginosus, about 2 mm. long, taken from the cocoon, yielded 
interesting results. Younger embryos, of which several 
were investigated, showed no trace of the chromophil cells. 
The embryo was examined by transverse sections. Behind 
the region of the as yet entirely separate and laterally 
situated cerebral ganglia there is situated on each side, lateral 
to the alimentary tube, a mass of cells which appear to be 
dissolving into a reticular connective tissue, and amongst 
which a few muscular fibres are becoming differentiated. 
