512 
W. T. CALMAN. 
Genera Uronectes, Broun ( = Gampsonyx, 
Jordan nec Vigors = Gampsonychus, Bur- 
meister) ; Palaeocaris, Meek and Worthen 
(= Prseanaspides, H. Woodward). 
IX. The Affinities of the Syncarida. 
While the investigation of Bathynella throws little 
further light on the systematic relations of the Syncarida as 
a whole, a few comments may be made here on some opinions 
recently expressed on the subject. Geoffrey Smith, accepting 
the general scheme of classification adopted by me for the 
Malacostraca, regarded the Syncarida as standing near the 
direct line of descent of both Eucarida and Peracarida. He 
assumed, however, that the carapace, possessed by the primi- 
tive Eumalacostraca, was lost in the common ancestor of all 
three groups, and redeveloped independently by the Mysi- 
dacea on the one hand and by the Eucarida on the other. 
This assumption is not only improbable, but unnecessary. In 
the Carboniferous period there existed a considerable variety 
of Malacostraca, regarding which we know little more than 
that they possessed a carapace and the other characters of 
the “ caridoid facies.” It is not at all unlikely that some of 
these may have possessed all the characters that, in the 
Syncarida, we regard as primitive, and that from them may 
have been derived, by separate and diverging lines of descent, 
the present-day Syncarida, Peracarida, Eucarida, and Hoplo- 
carida. 
Other authors who have discussed the systematic position 
of Anaspides and its allies have been misled by the tradi- 
tional classification of the Malacostraca into Podophthalma 
and Edriophthalma (or Thoracostraca and Arthrostraca), and 
have been unable to get rid of the idea that the group was in 
some way related to the “ sessile-eyed ” Crustacea. Thus 
Grobben (1904) places his group Anomostraca (a name that 
has no sort of claim to supersede Packard's Syncarida) 
