ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
35 
gether agree with Leuckart as to the disposition of the musculature, and 
he points out that, to completely understand that of P. isenioides, it is 
well to examine young forms ; these have not the flattened form of 
older examples, but are rounded, and the oblique system of muscles is 
limited to the sides. The species exhibit some differences among them- 
selves as to the arrangement of the muscles. 
Sensation does not appear to be confined to the two so-called tactile 
papillae at the anterior end of the body. There are a number of 
small warty-like bodies, which are generally paired, in the anterior 
region ; their cuticle is broken through at one point and the cleft is 
filled by a closely packed tissue, the elements of which are arranged in 
parallel rows and are directed outwards. At their inner ends they are 
connected with undoubted nerve-fibres. The functions of these organs 
would appear to be to give information to the larva when it has acquired 
a suitable resting-place and perhaps also to allow the male to discover 
the female. Herr Lohrmann is not inclined to agree with Leuckart in 
regarding the so-called tactile papillas as rudimentary antennae. The 
differences exhibited by different species are pointed out. 
It seems to be impossible to understand clearly the relations of the 
mouth without the aid of sections ; this method was first used by Hoyle, 
and to his account the author makes some corrections and additions ; 
to Leuckart’s description of the cesophagus the author has only to add 
that there are longitudinal as well as circular muscles ; the cells of the 
mid-gut have not the special fringe noticed by Frenzel and others in 
many other Arthropods. 
The author enters at some length into an account of the secretory 
organs, and gives reasons for regarding them as belonging to two, and 
not as did Hoyle to three distinct groups. In his account of the male 
generative organs his most important points are some remarks on their 
more minute structure; on the whole, they have already been fully 
described by Leuckart. And, similarly, he has but little to add to what 
is generally known as to the characters of the female organs. 
Dr. Lohrmann cannot agree with Hoyle in regarding Leuckart’s 
subgenera Linguatula and Pentastomum as having generic value. The 
only sharp distinction is the double testis of P. tsenioides and the form 
of the body ; but the latter is clearly due to the characters of the region 
inhabited. Adults with rounded bodies are found in the round spaces in 
the meshwork of the lungs, while the flat forms live in the flat spaces of 
the nasal cavities. Some of the described species are . apparently only 
stages of growth, and P. polyzonum would appear to have had six names. 
Finally, there are descriptions of two new species — P . platyceplialum, the 
host of which is unknown, but is probably an Alligator, and P. clavatum 
from the lungs of Monitor niloticus. 
e. Crustacea. 
Crustacea of Canary Islands."^ — Prof. C. Chun confines himself to 
an account of the Ampliipoda, Schizopoda, and Decapoda collected by 
him on his visit to the Canaries. Although he allows that all the names 
as yet given to forms of PJironima are synonyms of P. sedentaria, he finds 
* SB. K. Preuss. Akad. Wigs. Berlin, 1889, pp. 527-39 (10 figs.). 
D 
