72 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
The paper concludes with a full diagnosis of the two European 
species, V. globator and V. minor Stein (F. aureus Ehrh.), and a discus- 
sion of the systematic position of the Volvocinese. Stein’s F. Carteri 
from Bombay seems to be intermediate between the two European 
species. The nearest relationship of the Volvocinese appears to be 
undoubtedly with the Chlamydomonadinese, that with the Chrysomo- 
nadinem, Synura and its allies, being not nearly so close, the chromato- 
phores differing both in form and colour. The author places Volvox in 
the Elagellata of Biitschli, which he regards as belonging to the Algae 
rather than to the Protozoa. The presence of pulsating vacuoles 
cannot be laid down as a criterium for Protozoa, and the presence of a 
nucleus has been determined by Schmitz. Biitschli’s subdivision of the 
Elagellata into four groups, the Monadina, Eugleuoidina, Heteromasti- 
goda, and Isomastigoda, may be accepted in general terms. The test 
relied on for an organism belonging to the vegetable kingdom is the 
presence of true chromatophores, although the absence of chromatophores 
cannot be regarded as determining its animal nature. Since chromato- 
phores are always the result of division, and not of new formation, their 
presence must necessarily be of great morphological importance. 
Aiitherozoids of Eudorina.'^ — M. P. A. Dangeard has observed a 
case in which the results of the division of a cell in Eudorina elegans 
were not grouped in a disc-like fashion, but formed a hollow sphere, 
resembling a young vegetative colony ; the cells afterwards become 
longer than broad. From this he concludes that the differentiation of 
the male and female cells in Eudorina and Volvox had its origin in 
the conjugation of isogamoiis planogametes. 
Fungi. 
Respiration of Fungi.| — Prof. G. Arcangeli has determined the 
elevation of temperature which takes place during the development 
of the receptacle of fungi, which he finds to be invariable in the sjjecies 
examined, Armillaria mellea, Phallus impudicus, Lepiota excoriata, 
Clavaria flaccida, Polyporus fraxineus, Clitocyhe spinulosa, and Scleroderma 
Geaster. The period of maximum elevation was found to be always 
about the middle of the day, varying between noon and 2.30 p.m,, 
and the greatest elevation recorded was 1°*25 C. in the case of Lepiota 
excoriata. 
Salmon-Disease. t — Mr. A. P. Swan gives a detailed account of the 
life-history of Saprolegnia ferax, and of the conditions under which 
salmon are liable to its attacks. 
New Entomophthorace®.§ — The following additional new species 
of Entomophthoracese are described by M. Giard : — Entomophthora 
Cyrtoneurse, on the abdomen of the di])ter Cyrtoneura liortorum ; E. 
telaria, on the cantharid Pagonycha melaneura ; E. arrenoctoma, on 
Tipulidm ; E. Syrphi, on Syrphidas ; E. Isatophagus ; the last two 
Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, ii. (1889) pp. 124-7. See Bot. Centralbl., xl. 
(1889) p. 188. t Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., xxi. (1889) pp. 405-12. 
X Rep. and Proc. Belfast Nat. Hist. Soc., 1888-9, pp. 54-85 (1 pL). 
§ Bull. Scient. de la France et de la Belgique, 1888, p. 29(3. See Bot. Centralbl., 
xl. (1889) p. 211. Cf. this Journal, 1889, [). 5(31. 
