ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
75 
greatly from oneanotlier ; tlie sclerote lias no other function than that 
of propagation, and is incapable of infection. Starting from the 
sclerote, the myceles of later generations are more infective than the 
earlier ones. Culture on different substrata alters the form of the 
conidiophores, and the activity of the conids ; and the unequal rapidity 
of growth is dependent on variations in the nature of the food-supply. 
Peziza tuberosa.* — Dr. J. H. Wakker describes the structure and 
development of this fungus, parasitic on several species of Anemone, 
esj^ecially A. nemoralis and ranunculoides, in which it causes the disease 
known as “ morve noire ” ; and the nature of the injury which it inflicts 
on the tissues. The well-known “ gumming ” of hyacinths and other 
bulbs the author is unable, on the other hand, to trace to the attacks 
of any parasite. 
Trichomes within Trichomes.t — Dr. G. Titter Beck v. Mannagetta 
records this peculiar structure in the brown segmented marginal fila- 
ments of Peziza trichome-like mycelial filaments penetrating the 
cell-cavity of neighbouring trichomes. He compares the phenomenon 
with the well-known prolification of the rhizoids of Marchantia and 
Lunularia. 
Platysticta.J — Under this name Dr. M. C. Cooke establishes a new 
genus of Stictieae, formed from Platygrapha magniftca B. & Br., and 
Lichenopsis sphseroholoides Berk. The genus LicJienopsis must be sup- 
pressed ; and the following is the diagnosis of the new genus ; — 
Erumjiens, orbicularis, urceolatus, margin atus ; disco plus minus dece- 
dente ; sporidiis magnis, hyalinis, pluriseptatis vel muriformibus, dis- 
silientibus. 
Taphrina deformans.§ — Signor U. Martelli describes the injury 
inflicted on the leaves of the peach-tree in Italy by this fungus. The 
hyphse do not penetrate through the stomates, and the asci appear to be 
formed on the upper surface only of the leaf. 
Organisms of Leaven and their relation to the fermentation of 
bread. II — Herr W. L. Peters, who has recently examined the micro- 
organisms found in bread-yeast, states that, as a rule, three Blastomycetes 
were present, and on one occasion a fourth variety, in the yeasts he 
examined. In addition to these he also describes three kinds of bacteria 
and two kinds of bacilli. 
Tlie bacteria and Saccliaromyces w^ere easily distinguished from starch- 
granules by means of anilin-water-methyl-violet, which stained the 
microbes and left the starch -granules uncoloured. This preliminary 
investigation is of some importance, inasmuch as a previous observer 
had denied the existence of Saccliaromyces in yeast. 
Pure cultivations of the three varieties were easily obtained. The first 
variety the author identifies with Saccliaromyces minor Engel. This form 
is almost always quite sifiierical, with a diameter of 3*5 fx. The second 
* Arch. Neerland. Sci. Exact, et Nat., xxiii. (1889) pp. 373-400 (2 pis.). 
t Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., xxxix. (1889) pp. 2U5-G. 
X Grevillea, xvii. (1889) pp. 94-G. 
§ Nuov. Gioru. Bot. Ital., xxi. (1889) pp. 532-5. 
11 But. Ztg., xlvii. (1889) pp. 405-19, 421-31, 437-49. Cf. this Journal, 1889, 
p. 253. 
