ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MIOROSCOPY, ETC. 
337 
Madreporic System of Echinoderms.* — Prof. M. M. Hartog draws 
attention to the fact that M. Cuenot, in his anatomical studies on 
Ophiurids, first ignored and then misquoted him. 
Coelenterata. 
Alcyonaria of the ‘ Challenger.’! — Prof. T. Studer has issued a 
report of some specimens of Alcyonaria found after the main report 
went to press. Three new species of SipJionogorgia, a new Bebryce, and 
a new Plexauroid are among the forms here described. 
Antipatharia of the ‘ Challenger.’! — Mr. G. Brook has published a 
report on this slightly known group which is of great interest to the 
student. He treats of the general morphology of these zoophytes under 
the heads of: (1) the homologies of the mesenteries; (2) complete 
and incomplete mesenteries ; (8) dimorphism ; (4) colony formation ; 
(5) coenenchyma; (6) skeleton formation; (7) origin and arrangement 
of spines ; and (8) retrogressive development. 
The old classification of known forms into two groups is retained, 
but that which contains Gerardia only is now called Savagliidae, and a 
new division has to be made for Dendrohrachia g. n., which is called 
Dendrobrachiidae. The Antipathidae, which form, of course, the great 
bulk of the group, are divided into the Antipathinae, which contains tho 
genera Cirripathes (emended), Stichopathes g. n., Leiopathes and Anti- 
pathes (emended), Antipatliella, Aphanipathes, Tylopathes, Pteropathes, 
and Parantipatfies — all new ; in the Schizopathinae we find the new 
genera ScJiizopathes, BatJiypathes, Taxipathes, and Cladopaihes. Several 
species are still relegated to the group “ incertae sedis,” and a few are 
called “ species dubiae.” 
No species belonging to the family Antipathinae has yet been obtained 
from depths exceeding 900 fathoms; the Schizopathina, on the other 
hand, are chiefly abyssal forms, and in them a considerable increa^^e in 
depth is associated with a simplification in the type of corail um and a 
greater isolation of the dimorphic zooids. 
Bilaterality in Corals.§ — Dr. A. Ortmann describes Cylicia tenella 
Dana, in which most of the calices are excentric in relation to the 
columellae, and bilateral in the disposition of their septa. He interprets 
this as a primitive character, consonant with such other features in Cylicia 
as the imperfect colonies and the simple structure of the individual 
calices. His general theory of bilaterality is that it was the primitive 
condition, most marked in solitary Rugosa, often seen in the younger 
less compressed members of a colony, and cropping up occasionally in 
such forms as Cylicia. 
Development and Relationships of Actiniae. U — Dr. Th. Boveri has 
studied the development of several Hexactinias, Edwardsiae, and Oeri- 
antheaB. As type of the Ceriantheae he investigated Arachnactis albida^ 
♦ Zool. Anzeig., xiii. (1890) pp. 136-7. 
t Reports of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’ xxxi. Part Ixxxi. (1889) 31 pp. 
and 6 pis. 
I Reports of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ xxxi. Part cxxxi. (1889) 222 pp. 
and 15 pis. § Zool. Anzeig., xii. (1889) pp. 643-6. 
II Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., xlix. (1889) pp. 461-502 (3 pis.). 
1890. 2 B 
