ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, EIC. 
377 
Behaviour of the Virus of Cholera, Enteric Fever, and of Tuber- 
culosis in Milk, Butter, Whey, and Cheese. — Milk having been 
shown to be a vehicle for the transmission of certain diseases, e. g. 
scarlet fever, enteric fever, cholera and tuberculosis, Dr. L. Heim made 
experiments to ascertain the duration of viability of certain disease 
germs when cultivated in milk or the food-stuffs prepared from it, 
butter, whey and cheese. The author’s results show that the germs were 
still capable of development in 
Cliolera. 
Enteric Fever. 
Tuberculosis. 
Milk after 
6 
35 
10 days. 
Butter „ 
32 
21 
30 „ 
Curds ,, 
0 
1 
2 „ 
Whey „ 
2 
1 
14 „ 
Cheese ,, 
1 
3 
14 „ 
Behaviour of Pathogenic Micro-organisms in Sea Water. f — Prof, 
de Giaxa, in examining the action of sea water on pathogenic micro- 
organisms, used the bacteria of cholera, anthrax or typhoid, and the 
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, while the sea water was obtained from 
different localities. In the result it was found that there was little 
difference between sea water and fresh water towards pathogenic 
microbes; for in the latter, when it has been sterilized, pathogenic 
microbes may live for a long time ; but, when not sterilized, the com- 
petition between the common bacteria and the pathogenic microbes 
causes the latter to disappear with greater or less rapidity; the 
practical result of the author’s experiments is that pathogenic microbes 
can resist the competition of the common bacteria for a certain time, 
and hence, if the conditions be favourable, they may become the source 
of direct or indirect infection. 
Baumgarten’s Annual Report on Pathogenic Micro-organisms.J — 
The first half of this report for 1888 has just appeared. It notices, often 
at length, 514 monographs or books. This half is devoted to : — (1) 
Works on Microbiology, (2) Pathogenic Micrococci, (3) Bacilli. 
A B L 0 1 N G. — Immunite naturelle. (Natural immunity.) (Soc. des Sciences Med. de 
Lyon.) ^ Lyon Med., 1889, No. 51, p. 605. 
Braem, G. — Untersuchungen fiber die Degenerations-Erscbeinungen patbogener 
Bakterien im destillirten Wasser. (Researches on the degeneration of patho- 
genic bacteria in distilled water.) Konigsberg, 1889, 62 pp. 
Buerill, Thomas J. — A Bacterioid Disease of Corn. 
University of lUinois, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1889, Bulletin No. 6, p. 165. 
Chenzinski, C. J. — Micro-organismen der Malaria. (Micro-organisms of malaria.) 
Odessa (A. Schultz), 8vo, 1889, 66 pp., 1 pi. (Russian). 
Davies, A. M. — Report on Bacterial Cultivations from Drinking Water. 
Army Aled. Departm. Rep., 1887, London, 1889, No. 29, pp. 307-20. 
Ernst, H. C. — How far may a cow be tuberculous before her milk becomes 
dangerous as an article of food ? 
Amer. Journ. of the Med. Sciences, Nov. 1889, pp. 439-50. 
* Arbeiten aus d. Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 1889. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk,, vii. (1890) pp. 152-5. 
t Zeitschr. f. Hygiene, vi. p. 162. Of. Annales de Micrographie, ii. (1889) 
pp. 86-9. 
X See Annales de Micrographie, ii. (1890) pp. 253-4. 
