ARTICLE IV. 
NOTES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIO- 
GRAPHY OE NEW BRUNSWICK. 
By W. F. Ganong. 
70. — On the Physiographic History of the Upsalquitch 
River. 
Read December 2, 1902; re-written March, 1904, 
In August, 1902, in company with Mr. M. I. Furbish, I de- 
scended the Upsalquitch River from its head in Upsalquitch 
Lake to its mouth, and made some observation npon its physio- 
graphy, as recorded below. 
First we note the development of our knowledge of the river. 
On the maps of the French Period only its mouth is shown ; its 
upper waters appear as crude sketches on maps by DesBarres 
(1780), Bouchette (1815), and others, down to 1820 (or 1821), 
in which year it was surveyed from its mouth to near the lake by 
Deputy Surveyor McDonald, whose plan is the original of all 
later maps to the present. The lake and a few miles of the river 
were sketched by Berton in 1837, and this sketch was pieced to 
McDonald’s plan to give the representation of the entire river 
upon the maps of Saunders, 1842, Wilkinson, 1859, and others, 
which, however, place the lake too far east. This was corrected 
by the County Line survey of 1872, which gave another sketch 
of the lake, but the latter was only surveyed for the first time in 
1902, as recorded in Note 65. Turning to scientific knowledge 
of the river, there is little to note. In 1839, Wightman, determin- 
ing elevations with mercurial barometers for use of the Boundary 
Commission, descended the river to opposite the head of Jacquet 
River, to which he portaged, returning apparently by the Teta- 
gouche, but unfortunately few of the localities measured by him 
can be identified. In 1864 Hind descended the river, making the 
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