18G 
BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
rather steep-banked, though still somewhat mature, valley, closely 
resembling the valley of the main Restigouche. This is, I think, 
without doubt, due to a fact suggested by the appearance of the 
valley from Caribou Mounta’n, namely, the modern river is cutting 
down below the bottom of its old trough-formed valley. The 
fact that this river, so closely resembling the Restigouche, is doing 
this, suggests that the Restigouche itself is in reality a rejuvenated 
stream at the bottom of a wide trough valley, a subject needing 
farther study. The river continues of this general character to 
the Great Falls, below which it opens out again into a broader 
valley. The Great Falls, an irregular rapid easily run in canoes, 
is clearly post-glacial with the pre-glacial valley cutting across 
the bend on the right bank. Below this, three dikes of felsite 
are passed, high terraces appear, and the uppermost settlements 
are met with ; finally the country opens out, estuary-like, and at 
length the Upsalquitch, by a narrow mouth, joins the Restigouche. 
\dewing now the probable physiographic origin of the river 
as a whole, we have an origin and history. I believe, in general 
much like that of the Tobique (Note 45 ). The true head of the 
river lies south of the Nepisiguit, in the crystalline rocks form- 
ing the central watershed, and must have been formed at the 
same time with the Nictor and Right Hand Branch rivers, on the 
surface of the oldest of the two peneplains, into which, I believe. 
New Brunswick was formerly carved. It then followed the gen- 
eral slope of the great peneplain northward along approximately 
its present course, and probably originally flowed into the St. 
Lawrence by the course either of the Metapedia, or, more pro- 
bably, by the Patapedia. 'When the country was elevated and 
stood at the level determining the second peneplain (the bound- 
ary between the two lying a little north of the lake) it kept its 
course, but carved its way down into the plain, (the Restigouche 
forming at this time and turning it into Bay Chaleur), reaching 
the harder felsite ridges and cutting into them, and carving out 
the softer rocks between ; this continued until the soft rocks were 
carved to near the present general level of the Silurian plateau, and 
the rivers ran in broad, shallow troughs. Then came the eleva- 
