NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 195 
shoals west of Kelly’s Island, the boulders have been pushed, 
apparently by ice action, into a cnrions kind of atoll, (evidently 
homologus with the ice-dikes of the shores) such as I have not 
elsewhere noticed. The moderate depths found by us near the 
shores are marked on the map ; O’Connor states on his map, how- 
ever, that the “ fine open bay ” formed by the southern expansion 
of the lake was found by him to be 72 feet deep by soundings, 
which is in conformity with the rule for these glacial lakes which 
are usually deepest towards their southeastern ends. The eleva- 
tion of the lake above sea-level is in the vicinity of 400 feet,* and 
it undoubtedly is, as locally stated, higher than the Magaguadavic 
to the west. 
Turning now to the interesting question as to the origin of this 
lake, which lies directly across the direction of the river to which 
it now belongs, I think there is no doubt that Mr. Chalmers’ 
opinion that in pre-glacial times its valley emptied southward 
through the low drift-filled valley to the Kedron and thence into 
the Magaguadavic, is perfectly correct. It lies therefore in an 
old valley parallel with the Magaguadavic, and emptying south- 
ward and does not belong morphologically to the Oromocto at alL 
Mr. Chalmers also calls attention to an apparent pre-glacial valley 
between the lake and Cranberry lake basin, which I also noticed. 
But it appears to me this valley is rather a continuation of Dead- 
water Brook, and I believe it can be traced farther, — east of Mag 
aguadavic Ridge to Little Magaguadavic Lake and beyond. This 
would make a continuous valley parallel to that of the Magagua- 
davic and separated from it mostly by high ridges, an arrange- 
ment perfectly in conformity with the river structure of this region 
as discussed in a later note,** (No. 75). 
2. The Northwest Oromocto from the Lake to Lyons' 
Stream . — Leaving the lake on its easterly side the river flows with 
a gentle current, makingeasy canoeing, through longreedy dead- 
* Robb, Report, 179, gives it as 370 feet, without mentioning the source of the information. 
This was perhaps from a preliminary survey for the Western Extension Railway which was 
made a few years earlier, and passed close to this lake. Chalmers, Report, 18, gives it as 
417 feet, of course from aneroid measurements. I made it, as the mean of ten very careful 
measurements with aneroid, synchronous with and checked from the barometic station at 
St. John (for lists of readings from which I am indebted to the Director, Mr. D. L. Hutchin- 
son), as 394 feet. It will doubtless prove, when exactly levelled, not to exceed 400 feet. 
Indeed it Is difficult for me to see where it manages to make that much drop between the 
lake and the Forks, the latter lying practically at sea level. Other heights measured by us 
along the river gave these results; Little Lake, 357; Mouth of Otter Brook, 314: Mouth 
of Lyon Stream, 282. 
**It seems to me very likely that the Magaguadavic itself had a pre-glacial, or some 
yet earlier, course into the Kedron by way of the low ground of Brook of Sticks and Swans 
Brook; and it may even have had a very early or original course across the dip in the ridge 
west of the lake to Little Kedron and Piskahegan. See Note75. 
