206 
BULLETIN OP THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
westward is of course caused by the great granite mass of Mount 
Pleasant, rising 1200 feet, which as this deviation of the rivers 
would show, stood out as a inonadnock from the plain on which 
the rivers formed. The lower Magaguadavic below Pis- 
kahegan appears to run in its ancient valley to Red 
Rock, whence it pretty certainly continues through Red 
Rock, Sparks and Clear lakes to Forked Lake (between the two 
latter lakes there is a remarkable valley that I have myself seen), 
thence into Popelogan and Popelogan Harbor. The Magagua- 
davic below Red Rock appears to belong to Bonny River and 
'Clarence Brook.* 
7. The Lcproian Valley . — As mentioned in Note 73 it appears 
possible that a valley originated in the Cranberry Lake basin, flow- 
ed through the gap at Harvey into Lyon Stream, thence by Otter 
Brook, the head of Shin Creek and its south branch, to South 
Oromocto Lake, Mahood’s Lake and into the Lepreau, which 
probably emptied on the coast at or near Little Dipper Harbor, or 
else at Musquash. This country is now so elevated, the lake sur- 
faces lying nearly 600 feet above sea-level, that this river must 
been turned from its course at a comparatively early time, and 
Shin Creek would appear to be the modern successor of the early 
stream which took this direction. 
8. The Nerepisian Valley . — As described in Note 73 I have 
traced this ancient valley on the ground through much of its 
'Course. Its source is uncertain, but most probably, I think, is in 
the Meduxnekeag, whence it crossed in a line through the heads 
of several small streams to the Pokiok, (although it may have 
followed the present upper St. John). From the Pokiok it extends 
southward across the head of Gardens Stream to the Yoho, the 
(Jromocto, Back Creek, the Nerepis, the Short Reach, Grand Bay, 
and to the sea in or near St. John harbor. At this early period 
the upper St. John, above the central watershed, either did not 
exist or else flowed to Bay Chaleur, a subject later to be con- 
sidered.** 
9. The Rnsagonian Valley . — As suggested in Note 73, this 
ap])ears to represent another of the parallel valleys. It headed in 
some branch of Nacawic, and very likely in the Little Presquile 
beyond the St. John, (the Little Presquile would seem, from the 
* Or possibly the Didijeguash flowed through Digdeguash Lake, and by its lower end 
to the Magaguadavic, the Canal, Lake Utopia, head of Letang and Beaver Harbor, as 
shown by dotted line on the map. 
** All physiographic evidence, of which I have collected much, later to be presented, 
tends to show that this present central watershed separating the Tobique from the Mira- 
michi is also the ancient one. This is in marked contrast with the eastern water-shed, 
which has shifted from its ancient position and moved farther to the eastward. 
