208 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
River, or else by Wards Creek and Big Salmon River to the sea. 
Such a river should be named from its only important existant 
part the A^ashwian River. But I have no evidence for it other 
than cartographical. 
Somewhere east of this river, and parallel with it, must have 
come the ancient water-shed between this Fundian System and 
the St, Lawrence System. This water-shed I believe we can still 
trace in its remnants, constituting the elevated land near Point 
Wolfe, extending thence to the lofty hills of Sussex and across 
the Washademoak to ]\Iarrs Settlement hill, across the head of 
Grand Lake, Emigrant Settlement hill, between Salmon Creek 
and Newcastle Creek, thence to the water-shed between the 
Taxes and the Nashwaak, and beyond to cross the Miramichi, 
as shown on the map. There is evidence to show, which will later 
be presented, that originally all waters west of this line were 
branches of the Keswian (or Nashwian) while all east of it 
flowed into the St. Lawrence.* 
One important fact about all of these rivers remains to be 
mentioned, namely, it is possible that at the time of their formation 
the Bay of Fundy was rock-filled, and these rivers flowed across 
Nova Scotia into the sea (just as those of the St. Lawrence system 
flowed over Prince Edward Island, and those of our northern 
system flowed across the Restigouche valley into the St. Law- 
rence), thus originating the valleys which cross that Province 
from northwest to southeast. It may even prove possible to 
identify the corresponding valleys in the two Provinces (thus 
determining, for instance, which valley formed Annapolis Gut, 
which emptied through Mahone Bay, etc.), although on the 
Fundy slope the Nova Scotia rivers are much modified. 
Such appears to me to have been the original arrangement of 
river valleys in this region. I have no doubt that further re- 
search will modify the conclusions in many details,- but the general 
principles I believe are correct and will stand. 
We must consider now the causes of the profound modifica- 
tions of the original arrangement which have given us the very 
different conditions of the present. According to our theory. 
* As I have pointed out in an earlier note, No. 49, footnote. 
