NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 233 
other cliffs I have seen in New Brunswick, nearly, I should say, 
200 feet, and much higher than those of the Grand Falls of the St. 
John. The view from the top of these cliffs into the narrow gorge 
is one of the wildest I have seen in New Brunswick. The falls 
are insignificant, however, and possibly a canoe could be worked 
through it at low water ; there is a portage of 500 yards over the 
hill on the left bank. Below the gorge the river continues some- 
what rough, and for half a mile further the fine great cliffs con- 
tinue on one side of the river or the other, though the river here 
does not fill the valley, and has not the typical post-glacial char- 
acter. When these grand cliffs end the valley begins to open out, 
and continues to broaden, and the river becomes less rough, down 
to Stony Brook, where a new section of the river begins. 
Considering now the physiographic origin of this section of 
the river, it is obvious that it is all very recent and mostly post- 
glacial. It seems to me plain, therefore, that the entire river from 
the bend above Glory Brook to Stony Creek is not in its ancient 
valley, and that either ( i ) there is a pre-glacial channel from 
that bend to Stony Creek along the south of the river and parallel 
with it, or else (2) the upper course of the Northwest flowed 
in pre-glacial times ‘by some valley now drift-filled from the Glory 
Hole Brook Bend into the Sevogle to the south, in which case the 
present valley probably is that of Mountain Brook, into which the 
river was turned by the damming of its southern outlet. It is 
quite possible also that we are concerned not only with a post- 
glacial, but with an “ interglacial ” course of the river, for the 
remarkable cliffs below the gorge are certainly not in a typical 
post-glacial valley, and yet they certainly do not belong to an 
ancient river valley, for, except for the greater width of the valley 
here, they seem as new as the post-glacial cliffs of the gorge 
itself. 
Section 4. From Stony Brook to Portage River. — Below 
Stony Brook the river flows over gravel and boulders instead of 
ledges ; it is broader, shoaler and with less fall, making canoe 
navigation easy when the water is of fair height. The country 
becomes much lower, and finally quite flat, and seemingly little 
above the river level. In the upper part of this section there are 
occasional cliffs on one side or the other of the stream, and about 
