1913] 
Monroe: Wild Asters of Wisconsin 
77 
the neighborhood of Lake George, New York. The herbaria of 
the Milwaukee Public Museum, the University of Wisconsin, and 
the Field Museum of Natural History, of Chicago, have been 
carefully studied, as well as the private collections of Mr. Wad- 
mond, Mr. Benke, Mr. Finger and Dr. Ogden, whose names have 
already been mentioned, and that of Dr. Lewis Sherman, of 
Milwaukee. A single opportunity was also utilized for a hurried 
examination of the collections of the New York Botanical Garden, 
at Bronx Park, in the fall of 1907. 
Much of the difficulty encountered by earlier collectors in 
Wisconsin has been due to two causes: one, a lack of familiarity 
with the Aster flora of other portions of the country; the other, 
the confusion of nomenclature met with in the earlier botanical 
manuals. The publication of the Synoptical Flora of North 
America , of the Sixth Edition of Gray’s Manual , of Britton and 
Brown’s Illustrated Flora , of Britton’s Manual and of Gray’s New 
Manual, has removed one of these sources of difficulty, and seems 
to make it possible, with the aid of a better acquaintance with 
plants from other states, to present a more nearly correct catalogue 
of the Asters of this state than has hitherto been furnished. 
One result of a more comprehensive survey has been the elimina- 
tion of some species which have been assigned to the state, but 
which do not seem to occur within its limits. Among these are 
A. divaricatus L A. undulatus L A. patens Ait., A. turbinellus 
Lindl., A. dumosus L., and A. Novi-Belgii L. On the other hand 
a number of species not usually credited to Wisconsin must be 
added to the list, examples being A. furcatus Burgess, A. umbelli- 
formis Burgess, A. Schreberi Nees, A. Lowrieanus Porter, A. 
Shortii Lindl., A. Lindleyanus T. & G. and A. concinnus Willd. 
To these may be added A. missouriensis Britton and A. agrosti- 
folius Burgess, as well as a number of varietal forms which have 
not been recognized by earlier writers. 
The previously published lists of Wisconsin Asters are of in- 
terest as a part of the history of Aster study, and also as illustrat- 
ing the difficulties under which the study has been carried on. 
All these lists, so far as they have been brought to the writer’s 
attention — with the exception of Swezey’s preliminary list of 1877, 
supplanted by his Catalogue of 1883 — are incorporated in this 
paper, with explanatory notes in cases where explanation seemed 
