1913] 
Cahn: Birds of Waukesha County 
137 
Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem). Fox Sparrow 
A common migrant, found most plentifully during the spring 
migration. Keeps to brush and tangled vines almost entirely. 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythropthalmus (Linnaeus). Towhee 
A common migrant, summer resident and breeding species. 
Arrives usually early in April, sometimes even the last of March, 
but nesting does not begin until the second or third week in May. 
Departs for the south about the middle of October. 
Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnaeus). Rose-Breasted Grosbeak 
A common summer resident and breeding species. A pair has 
returned to the same crotch in an apple tree for three consecutive 
seasons to nest. In this instance the male incubated far more 
than the female, and very frequently sang while sitting. 
Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting 
A regular summer resident, though by no means abundant. 
In 1909 a pair nested in a young apple tree, the nest being but 
18 inches from the ground, and without any concealment whatever. 
Spiza americana (Gmelin). Dickcissel 
A regular, though not a common migrant, arriving during the 
latter part of May. 
Piranga erythromelas (Vieillot). Scarlet Tanager 
A common summer resident, found breeding in undisturbed 
woods. A pair or two usually nests east of the outlet of Oconomo- 
woc Lake, and about the entrance of the Oconomowoc River to the 
lake. 
Pronge sub is sub is (Linnaeus). Purple Martin 
A common summer resident and breeding species, found in 
abundance locally. The birds arrive over night in great flocks 
about the first of April, and leave again as suddenly about the 
middle of August. Previous to the fall migration they will be 
seen to congregate, usually along the telegraph wires or over the 
insect-swarming swamps. Something over four hundred martins 
were in evidence on August 19, 1913, and but two individuals 
were to be found on the morning of the 20th. 
