ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
49 
animal, and remains for some time after immersion of the specimen in 
spirit. No structures which look like luminous organs have been detected 
in any sections. The light is to be seen in both sexes, and is, therefore, 
not a sexual character, and as the Chironomid® are not predatory it 
cannot be for attracting prey. 
Morphology of Gryllotalpinse.* * * § — MM. H. de Saussure and L. 
Zehntner find that these Orthoptera form a chain connected at one end to 
the Gryllidae by Gryllotalpa, and by the other to the Acridid®, and 
specially to the Tetticid® by Pliipipteryx ; the intermediate form is 
Tridactylus. Definitions of the tribe and of its sub-tribes are given. 
Defence against Parasites.f — M. L. Cuenot finds in the coelom of 
Gryllus domesticus L. an extraordinary abundance of a Gregarine, like 
Diplocystis Schneideri. There was not the least trace of phagocytosis 
around the oviform or conjugate stages, but the cysts were covered with 
a mantle of phagocytes. The same thick mantle was observed around a 
Nematode in the coelom of the same insect, but a dipterous larva in 
Forjicula auricularia L. showed no hint of phagocytosis. In fact, phago- 
cytosis seems to play an unimportant defensive role in insects ; the 
elements of the blood remain indifferent to the introduction of the most 
fatal organisms. 
5. Arachnida. 
Morphology of the Pedipalpi.J — Mr. M. Laurie commences his 
memoir with some notes on the anatomy of Thelyphonus, as the internal 
anatomy of the Pedipalpi has never been described in any great detail. 
The greater part of the cavity of the abdomen is occupied by the 
enormous digestive gland, which forms a solid mass concealing, at first 
sight, everything except the heart and a few muscles. The stercoral 
pocket is described as part of the mesenteron. The nervous system is 
said to be almost entirely concentrated in the thorax. Details are given 
as to the stink-gland, coxal gland, and other organs. 
There is an account of some observations on imperfectly preserved 
embryos of Phrynus , but there is only enough to lead to the belief that 
the proper working out of the embryology of the group will almost 
certainly give important results, and throw much light on the morpho- 
logy of the Arachnida. 
The author thinks it useless to attempt to construct a phylogenetic 
tree till more is known of the structure and development of the 
Lipoctena. 
Development of Macrobiotus.§ — Dr. R. von Erlanger gives a pre- 
liminary account of the development of Macrobiotus macronyx , and it 
may be noted that the only other account (Kauffman’s) is now more than 
forty years old. The segmentation is total and approximately equal ; a 
long oval blastula is formed ; by invagination of the vegetative pole a 
gastrula arises ; the blastopore, which soon closes, occupies the position 
of the anus ; there is a very short hind-gut, and the archenteron divides 
into an anterior portion (afterwards pharynx, suctorial region, and gullet) 
* Rev. Suisse Zoo]., ii. (1894) pp. 403-30 (2 pis.). 
t Comptes Rendus, cxix. (1894) pp. 806-8. 
X Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., xxv. (1894) pp. 20-48 (3 pis.). 
§ Biol. Centralbl., xiv. (1894) pp. 582-5. 
1895 
E 
