76 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
and in Phanerogamia. He regards sterilization of potential sporogenous 
tissue as a common phenomenon, recurring frequently throughout the 
Archegoniatae (Bryophyta and Pteridophyta) and Phanerogamia. In the 
further development of the strobilus this is succeeded by the formation 
of septa, the relegation of the spore-producing cells to a superficial 
position, and the eruption of outgrowths (sporangiophores) on which the 
sporanges are supported. It is probable that the Filices, with their 
large leaves and numerous sporanges, originated from some smaller- 
leaved strobiloid ancestry ; and it is possible that the same theory is also 
applicable to the flower of Phanerogamia. Foliage-leaves have, in 
certain cases, been produced by sterilization of sporophylls. 
Muscineae. 
Hennedia, a new Genus of Musci.* — Under the name Hennedia 
Mr. E. Brown describes a new genus of moss from New Zealand, with 
the following characters : — Annual or perennial plants ; capsule erect or 
inclined, ovate or ovate-oblong, symmetrical, narrowed towards the 
mouth; opercule short, stout, conical, straight; calypter mitriform, 
large, covering the whole capsule, confluent at the base, commonly 
ruptured at the middle by the lateral growth of the capsule ; when 
maturing, very persistent ; peristome 0. Three species are described of 
the genus, which is nearly allied to Encalypta ; also twenty-one species 
of Andresea from New Zealand, of which sixteen are new. 
Evolution of the Hepaticae.t — Prof. L. M. Underwood proposes a 
fresh classification of the Hepaticae, more in accordance with their 
probable genetic affinities than that at present in vogue. From the 
original thallose form with its simple sporogone, they appear to have de- 
veloped in three different lines of specialization, viz. the development of 
the thallus as such ; the transformation of the thallus into a leafy axis, 
combined with the modification from creeping to ascending or erect 
habit; and the specialization of the sporogone at the expense of the 
thallus. The Hepaticae may be conveniently divided into three primary 
groups, the Marchantiales, Jungermanniales, and Anthocerotales. In 
the first the vegetative structure is always thalloid, but varies in all 
degrees of development, from the simplest form in Biccia to the most 
highly specialized in Marchantia. The reproductive organs become 
much more highly differentiated in the higher forms. In the Junger- 
manniales the protonemal development is usually slight, but that of the 
foliar structure remarkably varied. The author proposes to separate 
those genera in which the archegone terminates the growth of the shoot 
as a separate family of Jungermanniales, with the name Metzgeriace.®. 
In the Anthocerotales the differentiation is manifested in the develop- 
ment of the sporogone, which has become a permanent fleshy structure, 
and leads up to the line of development of the leptosporangiate ferns. 
Vegetative Propagation of Hepaticae.:}: — Herr W. Schostakowitsch 
has investigated the mode of nonsexual multiplication of the Hepaticae, 
either by adventitious shoots or by gemmae, in a large number of genera 
* Trans. N. Zealand Inst., 1892 (13 pis.). See Grevillea, xxii. (1894) p. 113. 
t But. Gazette, xix. (1894) pp. 347-62. 
j Flora, lxxix. (1894) Erganzungsbd., pp. 350-84 (39 figs.). Cf. this Journal, 
1894, p. 375. 
