ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
81 
farctum ; hymenio infero, aculeato, aculeis subulatis ; sporis oblongis, 
subhyalinis. 
Heteroecious Ascomycete. — Herr S. Nawascbin * records the fact that 
Sclerotinia Ledi, parasitic on Ledum palustre , is constantly destitute ot 
con ids. 
Herr M. Woronin f finds, on Vaccinium nliginosum, a parasite with 
the conids of Sclerotinia Ledi, and quite distinct from S. megalospora 
which produces the sclerote-disease of Vaccinium. He establishes from 
this a case of heteroecism in the Ascomycetes, a phenomenon not hitherto 
observed, and proposes for the parasite the name Sclerotinia heteroica. 
Poisonous Property of Penicillium glaucum.J — Herr Zippel obtained 
negative results from feeding animals (dog, rabbit, goat, horse) with 
fodder infected with large quantities of pure cultivations of Penicillium 
glaucum. But by feeding rabbits on mouldy and decomposing bran, the 
animals died on the third or fourth day with symptoms of palsy. The 
post-mortem examinations were negative. 
Aspergillous Pseudo-Tuberculosis.§ — Several observers have recorded 
cases of pseudo-tuberculosis produced by Aspergillus fumigatus ; the 
naked-eye appearances, especially in animals, having a great resemblance 
to true tuberculosis. Apropos of this subject, Dr. E. Koltjar has made 
a special study of this fungus for the purpose of determining whether it 
can form toxines ; and by toxines the author means exclusively extra- 
cellular toxines, i.e. the excreta of microbes in the media, whether natural 
or artificial. Neither in Rawlin’s fluid nor in bouillon does it form 
toxines. It was, however, found that in pseudo-tuberculosis not only 
spores, but a luxuriant mycele was formed ; and as these require oxygen 
for their proper development, the author infers that the lethal action of 
the parasite is due to its using up the oxygen required by the host. 
Botrytis tenella parasitic on the Cockchafer Grub.[| — The experi- 
ments of Herr Schaffer, who has infected larvae of Melolontha hippo- 
castani with spores of Botrytis tenella, led to very unequal results. Of 
nine healthy cockchafer grubs kept in a glass box, eight died within nine 
days after exposure to the spores of a larva affected with the fungus. 
The ninth larva, as well as three other grubs similarly exposed, remained 
healthy. 
When artificially infected the larvag died in from five to ten days. In 
one to two days they were quite mummified, hard, and red. In four to 
five days more the mycele appeared outside, and in twenty-eight to forty- 
five days after infection conids were formed. 
Dry and Wet Rot of Tobacco.1T — According to Herr J. Behrens, 
two Sclerotinise , S. Ijibertiana Fuckel and S. Fucheliana de Bary ( Botrytis 
cinerea Pers.), are the cause of much disease of the tobacco plant. The 
* Ber Deutscli. Bot. Gesell., xii. (1894) pp. 117-9. 
t Tom. cit., pp. 187-8. 
X Zeitschr. f. Veterinarkunde, 1894, p. 57. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasi- 
tenk., xvi. (1894) p. 751. § Ann. Inst. Pasteur, viii. (1894) pp. 479-89. 
|| Zeitschr. f. Forst. u. Jagdwesen, xxv. pp. 85-90. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
n. Parasitenk., xvi. (1894) p. 662. 
^ Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrank., iii. (1893) pp. 82-90. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk., xvi. (1894) pp. 315-6. 
1895 
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