82 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
former is the more common (the latter being less frequent), and is identical 
with the Botrytis appearing on onions and vines. Both first appear on 
the veins, afterwards penetrating into the mesophyll. S. Libertiana 
forms a fine white coating, while the other is distinguished by its 
abundant conidiophores ; the endophytic mycele is intercellular. The 
sclerotes of the first are free, easily detached, and may attain a diameter 
of 1 cm., while those of the latter are partially buried in the tissue of 
the leaf. Both fungi cause very similar changes, which may be effected 
by a poisonous ferment excreted by the hyphse, or by the copious pro- 
duction of oxalic acid. Both fungi grow well on artificial media. Both 
the Sclerotinise require to be invigorated by saprophytic nutriment ere 
they are fitted for a parasitic existence on living leaves. S. Libertiana 
infects by its ascospores, S. Fuckeliana by means of conids, and both 
extend from leaf to leaf by vegetative growth. 
Species of Botrytis.* — Herr C. Wehmer finds a species of Botrytis 
very destructive to plants of Cyclamen and of Primula sinensis grown in 
the house. He is disposed to identify with B. cinerea a large number 
of forms which have been described as distinct species (of Botrytis , 
Sclerotinia , or Peziza) attacking the turnip, carrot, hemp, clover, onion, 
rape, dahlia, balsam, hyacinth, and even the sclerote-diseases of Vac- 
cinium , the botrytis-d isease of the douglas-pine, and the Edel/dule of the 
grape. 
Aureobasidium Vitis. — MM. E. Prillieuxand G. Delacroix j describe 
the pathological effects of the fungus, which they identify as the cause 
of the burning (brulure) of vine-leaves, Aureobasidium Vitis ; they regard 
it as belonging to the genus Exobasidium. 
MM. P. Viala and G. Boyer, J on the other hand, assert that the 
brulure is due to Botrytis cinerea , while under the term rougeot are 
included several diseases having different causes, parasitic and physio- 
logical. They prefer maintaining Aureobasidium as a distinct genus of 
Hypochnacese. 
M. P. Eloste § attributes to the attacks of the same fungus the 
disease of the vine known in the south of France as maladie rouge. 
Systematic Position of Lichens. ||— Prof. J. Reinke gives a historical 
account of Schwendener’s theory of the dual composition of lichens, 
which he accepts in its main features, but contends that it does not justify 
the abolition of lichens as a distinct section of Cryptogams, and the 
regarding them simply as a family of fungi. All the lichens have, he 
believes, a course of development of their own ; in the form and structure 
of their vegetative organs they agree more with those classes of plants 
that contain green assimilating organs than with fungi. Although 
lichens may have had several lines of descent, Reinke denies that it 
is in accordance with facts to deduce any genus or species of lichen 
directly from a genus or species of fungus. The gonids and hyphse are 
each structures which have become lichen-organs ; but it is not correct 
to say that the hyphse alone determine the form of the thallus. Other 
* Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrank., iv. (1894) pp. 204-10. See Bot. Centralbl,, lx. 
(1894) p. 122. f Comptes Reudus, cxix. (1894) pp. 106-8. 
X Tom cit., pp. 248-9. § Tom. cit., pp. 317-8. 
|| Jahrb. f. wias. Bot. (Pringsheim), xxvi. (1894) pp. 524-42. 
