ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
95 
of tetanus together, it is not altogether as simple as a chemical reaction ; 
the one is not chemically, so to speak, neutralized by the other, for ex- 
periments show that the two coexist side by side. Thus, if guinea-pigs 
be previously vaccinated against cholera or diphtheria and subsequently 
injected with the mixture of toxin and serum, they take tetanus and 
diphtheria. Hence the serum acts rather on the cells than on the toxin, 
and this view is further supported by the fact that if a mixture of venin 
and antivenin serum, which in certain proportions is harmless, be 
heated to 70°, the antitoxin is rendered inert, the toxin remaining un- 
affected. 
Another interesting point with regard to these antitoxins is that they 
are not always specific for the one disease, but can act against others ; 
thus the serum of a horse immunified against tetanus renders venin inert, 
though the converse does not hold good. The serum of rabbits vaccinated 
against hydrophobia is highly antivenomous. 
Fossil Schizomycete.* — MM. B. Renault and C. E. Bertrand record 
the finding, on coprolites belonging to an ichthyophagous reptile of the 
Permian period, of a Schizomycete which assumes all intermediate forms 
between that of a straight rod 14-16 /x long and 2*5 to 3 /x broad, 
occurring singly or in pairs, and that of a coiled streptobacillus. They 
propose for it the name Bacillus permiensis sp. n. 
Agee, L. C.— A Peculiar Chromatogenic Bacillus. 
New York Med. Journ., 1894, p. 265. 
Jaczewski, A. de — N ote sur quelques especes critiques de pyrenomycetes suisses. 
(Note on some Critical Species of Swiss Pyrenomycetes. - ) 
Bull, de VHerbier Boissier , 1894, pp. 417-24. 
Jo bert — R echerches pour servir a l’histoire du parasitisme. (Researches on 
Parasitism.) Compt. Bend. Soc. Biol., 1894, p. 519. 
Leclainche, L.— La virulence des viandes tuberculeuses. (The Virulence of 
Tubercular Meat.) Bev. de la Tuberculose, 1894, pp. 135-53. 
Linder, P.— Saccharomyces farinosus und S. Bailii, zwei neue Hefenarten aus 
Danziger Jopenbier. (S. farinosus and S. Bailii, two new Yeast-species from 
Danzig Beer.) Wochenschr. f. Brauerei, 1894, No. 6. 
P rose auer, B., & M. Beck — B eitrage zur Ernahrungsphysiologie des Tuberkel- 
bacillus. (Contributions to the Physiology of the Nutrition of the Tubercle- 
bacillus.) Zeitschr. f. Hygiene, XVIII. (1894) pp. 128-52. 
W a l s h — Does Baking sterilize a Loaf ? 
Brit. Med. Journ., 1894, No. 1775, pp. 355-6. 
Wernicke, E.— Beitrag zur Kenntnis der im Flusswasser vorkommenden Vibrio- 
nenarten. (Contribution to the Knowledge of the Species of Vibrio found in 
running water.) Arch. f. Hygiene, XXI. (1894) pp. 166-97. 
Comptes Rendus, cxix. (1894) p. 377-9. 
