ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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that of Diclidophora and Calicotyle. In the latter genus the bulbous 
penis is a kidney-shaped mass of fibrous connective tissue around the 
terminal portion of the vas deferens; the chitinous penis is replaced by 
hooks. The author in his descriptions nowhere makes use of a term 
corresponding to Cirrusbeutel , and this is done with an express 
purpose, for the term has been used to designate various structures by 
different writers, and, moreover, the structure in question is not a hollow 
organ, but merely a mass of specially modified tissue round the terminal 
part of the vas deferens. 
The author believes that he has succeeded in demonstrating the 
existence of a prostate gland in monogenetic Trematodes generally. An 
account is given of the various views that have been held as to the 
nature of the genito-intestinal canal, and Mr. Goto gives a detailed 
account of his views as to its structure. He concludes that the vagina 
of Cestodes and the uterus of Trematodes are homologous structures. 
With regard to the protrusion of the penis, he thinks that there can be 
scarcely any doubt that the true penis, as well as the chitinous armature 
of the genital atrium, can be protruded. To the objection that the 
opening of the orifice is so small, he points out that the body of Trema- 
todes is exceedingly soft and capable of both extension and contraction. 
The reader is reminded that in the paper before us the term oviduct is 
used for that portion of the female efferent duct which lies between the 
ovary and the “ ootyp ” ; the ootyp for that portion which is distinguished 
by the presence of shell-glands round it ; the uterus for that portion 
which lies beyond the ootyp. 
With regard to the habitat of most ectoparasitic Trematodes, it is 
true that they live attached to the gill of the fish, but many lie in the 
mouth-cavity or on the general surface of the body. The majority of 
the species described in this memoir live on the slime of the host, but 
some are also able to extract its blood. 
Echinococcus and (Estrus in Man.* — Prof. G. Sangalli describes a 
case of Echinococcus from the breast of a woman, and of an (Estrus 
larva in a boy’s scrotum, and discusses in connection with each case the 
question of infection, our knowledge of which is unsatisfactorily vague. 
Cysticercus cellulosse in Human Skin.f— Dr. G. Lewin states that 
he has seen 14 cases of measly skin in human beings, and refers to 
40 instances in which Tsenia solium and Cysticercus cellulosse were present 
in the same individual. The tumours vary from a lentil to a hazel-nut 
in size, and may not be prominent. In shape they are round or oval, 
and they are tense and cartilaginous in consistence ; the surface is 
always smooth, and they vary in number from one to many. 
Dipylidium Larva.! — According to Sig. Diamare, the Cysticercus 
rostratus found by Mingazzini in the mesentery of Zamenis viridiflavus 
and in the liver of Seps chalcides is the larva of Dipylidium echinorhyncoides 
Sons. ; and the Cysticercoides which Marchi found encapsuled in the 
liver of Ascalabotes mauritanicus ( Cyst . ascalabotidis ) the author thinks is 
* Bend. R. 1st. Lomb., xxv. (1892, received 1895), pp. 1161-78 (1 fig.), 
t Archiv f. Dermatol., xxvi. (1894) pp. 71-87, 217-39. See Centra-lbl. f. Bak- 
teriol. u. Parasitenk., xiv. (1894) pp. 312-3. 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xvi. (1894) pp. 565-6 (1 fig.). 
