ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 205 
and three new genera of marine algae, two of the latter belonging to the 
Phaeosporeae, and one to the Cliloropliyceae. 
Sphaceloderma. Thallus crustaceous, with marginal growth, some- 
times stratified, black-brown, only a few mm. in diameter, and a few 
layers of cells in thickness, destitute of vertical branches; unilocular 
sporanges globular, springing directly from the superficial cells, project- 
ing above the thallus, and united into sori ; plurilocular sporanges 
unknown ; chromatophores forming numerous roundish plates in each 
cell ; hairs unknown. Sphaceloderma scarcely differs from Lithoderma, 
but exhibits the reaction of Sphacelaria with eau-de-javelle. 
Serapion. Thallus crustaceous, with marginal grcfwth, dark brown, 
only a few mm. in diameter, with erect branched confluent filaments 
springing from the originally uniseriate basal plate ; unilocular sporanges 
pear-shaped, springing directly from the superficial cells, projecting 
above the thallus and united into sori; plurilocular sporanges unknown ; 
chromatophore forming a disc-like plate in each cell ; hairs unknown. 
The position of Serapion among the Phasosporeae is uncertain. 
Prasinocladus. Unicellular; united by branched gelatinous stalks 
into tufted colonies, forming a green slimy scum ; cells ovoid, 13-20 /x 
long, 7-11 /x broad, with an at first rod-shaped, afterwards mantle- 
shaped chromatophore, and pyrenoid-like body,' which divides obliquely ; 
non-sexual swarmspores with four cilia pointing backwards, and red 
eye-spot. The systematic position of this genus among the Chlorophy- 
ceae is uncertain. 
fPogotrichum and Litosiphon.* — Recurring to the relationship be- 
tween these two genera of Phaeosporeae, Prof. T. Johnson gives further 
details of the structure of the two species of Litosiphon, comparing them 
with the two species of Pogotrichum. 
Mougeotiopsis, a new Genus of Conjugat8e.| — Under the name 
Mougeotiopsis calospora g. et sp. n., Herr E. Palla describes the type of a 
new genus of Conjugatae, nearly allied to Mougeotia , and differing from 
Debarya only in the invariable absence of pyrenoids. Each cell contains 
only a single chloroplast, with jagged outline ; the mode of conjugation 
is scalariform. The author further records the occurrence of karyoids 
in Peniurn , Micrasterias , Hyalotheca , and Desmidium. He proposes the 
classification of the genera of Conjugatae into three families, viz. : — (1) 
Spirogyraceae ( Spirogyra ), chloroplasts one or more, parietal ; (2) Mou- 
geotiaceae ( Gonatonema , Mougeotia , Debarya , Mougeotiopsis ), chloroplast 
solitary, axile, discoid ; (3) Zygnemaceae (. Zygnema , Zygogonium ), chloro- 
plasts two, axile, more or less stellate. 
Valoniacese.J: — In an account of a collection of East Indian Algae, 
chiefly from Formosa and the Moluccas, Herr F. Heydrich establishes 
a new genus of Yaloniaceae, Phipidiphyllum, founded on Anadyomene 
reticulata , and distinguished from that genus by the absence of inter- 
mediate cells, apical growth, and the presence of tenacles. The genus 
Spongocladia he places among Valoniaceae, rather than, as proposed 
* Ann. Bot., viii. (1894) pp. 457-64 (1 pi.). Cf. this Journal, 1894, p. 717. 
t Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xii. (1894) pp. 228-36 (1 pi.). 
% Hedwigia, xxxiii. (1894) pp. 267-304 (2 pis.). 
