ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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other species of the same groups it is composed of callose in company 
with the same substance. 
Monstrosities in Fungi. * * * § — Dr. P. Yoglino describes a number of 
cases of monstrosity among the Hymenomycetes, and proposes to classify 
those which occur in Fungi under four heads, viz. : — (1) Prosphitiasis , 
or Adhesion ; (2) Entochia, or Prolification, which again may be superior 
( Epieutochia ), inferior ( Hypoeutochia ), or internal ( Entoeutochia ) ; (3) 
Hypertrophy ; and (4) Atrophy. 
Cilia of the Zoospores of the Phycomycetes.f — Dr. W. Kothert 
has investigated the fate of the cilia of the zoospores in the Saproleg- 
niaceas and PeronosporeaB. The zoospores of Saprolegnia are diplanetic. 
In the first swarming-period they have two cilia of equal length inserted 
at the apex ; after swarming for a short time they come to rest, and 
become invested in a thin membrane ; the contents then escape through 
a small opening, and the new zoospore has two cilia of unequal length 
inserted laterally ; after a second and longer period of swarming, the 
zoospore finally comes to rest, forms a new membrane, and puts out a 
germinating tube. The zoospores of the Peronosporese (including 
Pythium) are monoplanetic, corresponding to the second swarming stage 
of those of Saprolegnia. 
In the first swarming period of the zoospores of Saprolegnia the cilia 
are invariably absorbed into the body of the spore. Usually this takes 
place gradually and regularly ; but sometimes a knot ( Oese ) is formed, 
which is afterwards drawn in. In the second stage of Saprolegnia , and 
in the zoospores of the Peronosporese, the cilia are never absorbed into 
the body of the spore, but remain outside as a residue, and are finally 
thrown off. Before this takes place, the cilium always bends itself in 
a variety of ways, so that the upper and basal parts coalesce, leaving a 
kind of knot, which may be sessile upon the membrane of the spore, or 
may have a stalk composed of the coalescent portions of the cilia. The 
residue of the cilia may remain attached to the spore after germination 
has commenced. 
Swarmspores of Rhizophidium.J — Prof. G. F. Atkinson described 
the peculiar apparently “ intelligent ” amoeboid movements by which the 
swarmspores of Phizophidium globosum , parasitic on Spirogyra , find 
their way to the ostiole in order to escape from the zoosporange. 
Spores of Cerebella.§ — By causing the spores of Cerebella Paspali to 
germinate in a nutrient solution. Prof. G . F. Atkinson has obtained a 
branched mycele resembling that of the Pyrenomycetes or Hypho- 
mycetes, but no sporids. He considers that this throws considerable 
doubt on the correctness of the location of Cerebella among the Usti- 
laginese. 
Parasitic Fungi. — Herr P. Vuillemin || describes the two species of 
Puccinia parasitic on Thesium , P. Desvauxii and Them ; the former 
* Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, xxx. 0894) pp. 97-108 (1 pi.). 
t Ber. Deutsck. Bot. Gesell., xii. (1894) pp. 268-82 (1 pi.). 
I Bot. Gazette, xix. (1894) pp. 503-4. 
§ Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxi. (1894) pp. 127-8 (1 pi.). 
II Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1894, p. 107. See Bot. Centralbl., 1894, Beih, p. 4 J5. 
