ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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moult, but they only function in the chrysalis, where they give rise to a 
second system of tracheoles. The appendages of thorax and head 
assume their adult position as the chrysalis stage is reached. 
Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths. * — Mr. J. T. Porritt 
has edited the sixth volume of the late William Buckler’s accounts of 
the larvae of British butterflies and moths. The volume before us deals 
with the third and concluding portion of the Noctuae. He appears to 
have kept the work up to the high standard to which it was brought by 
the editing of the late Mr. Stainton. 
Morphology of the Skeleton of Myrmicides.j — M. C. Janet uses 
the term morphology in the rare sense of a pure description of anatomical 
details, and his account of the skeletal anatomy of Myrmica rubra is 
confined to a statement of facts, without any generalisations whatever. 
A Marine Fly.f — M. R. Chevrel describes a species of Clunio 
which he observed a dozen years ago on the rocks uncovered at the 
lowest tides on the coast of Calvados. The larva is submarine, the 
apterous female lives on the algae and rocks, the male flies about on 
the surface. Both sexes have a very short aerial life. Haliday has re- 
corded Clunio marinus from British coasts, and Schiner Cl. adriaticus 
from Trieste ; for the present species the author proposes the name Cl. 
syzygialis , but awaits more details as to the others. Meantime, he 
describes the male, female, and larva. M. Gadeau de Kerville has 
found the apterous females in abundance at Grandcamp (Calvados), and 
H. Carpenter § has recently published an article on Cl. marinus. 
Vascular Ampullae in Head of Orthoptera. || — M. Pawlowa de- 
scribes a contractile vascular sac at the base of each antenna in the 
cockroach. The cavity has a valvular communication with the blood- 
space below and in front of the brain, and muscle-fibres effect systole 
and diastole. Each sac is beyond doubt an independently active part 
of the circulatory system. The histology and innervation are described. 
Similar organs occur in Locusta , Pachytilus , Meconema , and other Ortho- 
ptera ; and Selvatico has described similar organs in Bombyx mori and 
some other Lepidoptera. 
Thysanura from the Cave of Central Fraiice.1T — M. R. Moniez 
describes three new species of Thysanura from the Grotto of Dar- 
gilan. Campodea dargilani appears to be the third of a series of forms 
adapted progressively for a life in darkness. That is, the characters of 
C. staphylinus , which lives in the open air, are more accentuated in C. 
coopii , a cave form, and are carried to an extreme in C. dargilani. Sira 
cavernarum is white, and entirely blind. Lipura cirrigera has tufts of 
cirri at the base of the second joint of the antennae which, though 
present in other Lipurae, are in them so rudimentary as to have hitherto 
escaped observation. 
* Yol. vi. London, printed for the Ray Society, vi. and 141 pp., 19 colrd. pis. 
f Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, xv. (1894) pp. 591-611 (5 figs.). 
X Arch. Zool. Exper., ii. (1894) pp. 583-98. 
§ Entom. Monthly Mag., No. 362, 1894. 
|| Zool. Anzeig., xviii. (1895) pp. 7-13 (1 fig.). 
^ Revue Biol, du Nord, Dec. 1893. See Amer. Natural., xxviii. (1894) pp. 811-2. 
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