ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
323 
particles concerned are sufficiently small, nutritious and innutritious 
substances exhibit alike the striking centripetal clustering. Intra- 
cellular sojourn of innutritious bodies is curtailed, however ; the vacuoles 
in which they lie at first tend to disappear quickly, and there is but 
rarely that re-formation of fluid which is so nearly concerned in the 
solution of true food-stuffs. 
Genesis, Organisation, and Metamorphosis of Infusorians.*-— The 
posthumous work of Sig. Egisto Tortori, of which, as we understand, only 
55 copies have been distributed, does not appear to call for serious 
scientific comment. It is not, at any rate, confined to Infusorians in the 
accepted systematic sense. 
Ciliated Infusoria.j — Mr. H. Wallengren devotes the first of liis 
studies on Ciliated Infusoria to the genus Licnophora. He finds that 
division is longitudinal ; the peristome of the daughter animal is laid 
down on the left side outside the adoral zone of the mother as a finely 
ciliated area. From this area there is differentiated a right-handed 
spiral, consisting of membranellm, which later on becomes the left-handed 
adoral zone of the daughter. From this it is clear that the left-handed 
zone of the fully adult animal is only a secondary development, and 
that therefore Licnophora is not an intermediate stage between the 
hypotrichous and peritrichous Infusoria, as Butschli supposed. The 
author is of opinion that Licnophora is not allied to the hypotrichous 
Infusoria, but is a true, although perhaps specially differentiated, 
peritrichous Infusorian. Its closest affinities are perhaps with 
Trichodina mitra. 
Camptonema nutans.f — Under this name Dr. F. Schaudinn describes 
a new marine Rhizopod which he found at Bergen. Its structure is 
such that it is difficult to say with certainty what its proper systematic 
position is. The form of its pseudopodia allies it to the Heliozoa, and 
it appears on the whole to be most closely allied to Sticholonches. Its 
special interest lies in the mode of movement of the pseudopodia and in 
their connection with the nucleus. It is now, of course, well recognised 
that between the three modes of movement observed in the protoplasm 
of the Protozoa there is no fundamental difference. Amoebae have been 
seen with flagella ; Flagellates have been seen with cilia ; and there are 
many other intermediate forms which have exhibited at the same 
moment two different kinds of locomotor differentiation. The move- 
ment of the pseudopodia of Camptonema appears to the author to be 
intermediate between the three generally recognised modes of movement. 
The pseudopodia exhibit phenomena of streaming, though not markedly. 
Secondly, they show twisting movements which may be regarded as a 
preparatory stage to the movement of flagella ; and, again, another 
movement recalls that of a cilium. The connection of the pseudopodia 
with the nuclei is likewise a matter of great interest, for it leads to the 
* * Genesi, Organizzazione, e Metamorfosi degli Infusori,’ Firenze, 1895, royal 8vo, 
196 pp., 60 pis. 
t Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, xxx. (1894) 48 pp., 1 pi. See Zool. Centralbl., ii. 
(1895) pp. 36 and 7. 
X SB. Akad. Wise. Berlin, 1894, pp. 1277-86 (1 pi ). 
Y 2 
