ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
343 
states that Leptospliaeria Trilici is very destructive to the wheat crop 
throughout Germany. 
Herr P. Hennings * describes the destructive effects on various 
species of Veronica of Septoria exotica. 
Miss I. Clendenin j has found on Geranium carolinianum a Synchy- 
trium which is probably an undescribed species. 
Herr H. 0. Juelf iinds on Carex vulgaris the uredoform ( Puccinia 
uliginosa sp. n.) of JEcidium Parnassiae ; on Agrostis borealis and pro- 
bably also on Anthoxanthum odoratum, the uredoform (P. borealis sp. n.) 
of JEcidium Thalictri ; and on Carex rupestris the uredoform (P. rupestris * 
of AEcidium Saussureee. 
HerrE. Fischer § adduces reasons for regarding AEcidium penicillatum, 
which occurs on several species of Pomeae, as belonging to Gymno- 
sporangium tremelloides, a species distinct from both G. clavariseforme 
and G. juniper inum, but occurring also on the juniper. 
Dr. U. Brizi || describes in detail the phenomena which accompany 
the brunissure or blackening of the leaves of the vine. The plasmode 
which is found in the diseased cells cannot, he considers, be properly 
referred to Plasmodiophora , but belongs to an organism intermediate in 
its characters between the Myxomycetes and the Amoebae. 
Mr. N. B. Pierce^ describes the destructive effects of the prune-rust, 
Puccinia Pruni , on prune, plum, and peach-trees in California. 
According to Mr. H. J. Webber,** a parasitic fungus, Aschersonia 
tahitensis, is very destructive to the pupae and larvae of Aleyrodes Citri , 
which inflicts so much injury on the orange and other fruits belonging 
to the Aurantiaceae. 
Formation of the Lichen-thallus.ff— Mr. C. C. Curtis describes a 
very early condition of a lichen-thallus, the gonidial elements of which 
bear a close resemblance to Protococcus viridis , as well as the mode in 
which they became gradually enveloped by hyphae. 
Conversion of Aspergillus into Saccharomyces.ff— Mr. J. J. Juhler 
has observed that a species of Aspergillus can, under certain circum- 
stances, be converted into an alcohol-forming Saccharomyces. This is 
the first time that it has been experimentally demonstrated that the 
Saccharomycetes are derived from the higher fungi. The observation is 
confirmed by Jorgensen. 
Spores of Uredo Polypodii.§§ — Mr. B. M. Duggar discusses the 
nature of the two kinds of spore found in this fungus — one thin-walled 
and the other tliick-vvalled — and assigns reasons for regarding them both 
as true uredospores, the former being merely an immature condition of 
the latter. 
_ * Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, iv. (1894) pp. 203-4. See Bot. Centralbl., 
lxi. (1895) p. 120. f Bot. Gazette, xx. (1895) pp. 29-31 (1 pi.). 
1 Ofv. K. Vetensk.-Akarl. Forhandl., li. (1894) pp. 409-18. 
§ Hedwigia, xxxiv. (1895) pp. 1-6 (1 pi.). 
jj Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., ii. (1895) pp. 118-29. 
1 Journ. of My col., vii. (1891) pp. 354-63 (4 pis.). ** Tom. cit., pp. 363-4. 
ft Journ. New York Micr. Soc., x. (1894) pp. 63-9 (1 pi.). 
tt Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk. (2 te Abteil.), i. (1895) pp. 16-7. 
§§ Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci., 1894, pp. 396-400 (1 pi.). 
