ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
347 
Absorption of Bacteria from Fresh Wounds. * — Herr Schimmel- 
busch, in conjunction with Dr. Ricker, has made some experiments in 
order- to ascertain how quickly bacteria arrive in the internal organs 
through a fresh wound. It was found that anthrax, half an hour after 
inoculating a fresh wound ou the back or tail of a mouse, could be found 
in the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Saprophytes like rose yeast, 
Bacillus mycoides , Bacillus pyocyaneus, and mould spores, when inocu- 
lated on wounds 2-3 cm. long and 1 cm. deep on the back or upper 
part of the thigh of rabbits, were almost invariably found in a very short 
time — even five minutes — in the various organs. It was always necessary, 
however, to keep the whole of the organs, or, at any rate, very large 
pieces of them, for examination. 
Distribution of Bacteria in Milk after Centrifuging. f — Herr E. 
Wilckens has made experiments for determining the number of bacteria 
in milk before and after centrifuging, and their distribution in the milk, 
cream, buttermilk, and deposit. One very important result obtained 
was that the greatest number of the germs were found in the cream, 
the buttermilk and the deposit containing only a relatively small 
number. All these together, however, did not account for the germs in 
the milk before centrifuging ; the greater part of them, as ten experi- 
ments out of twelve showed, having disappeared during the centrifuging. 
The author therefore concluded that the purification of the milk was 
due to the centrifuging and not to the deposition of the germs. 
Albuminous Bodies in Tubercle Bacilli, if — In order to obtain 
the albuminous substances that are contained in tubercle bacilli, 
Herr E. von Hofmann manipulated 42 four months old cultures in 
glycerin-agar in the following way. The bacilli, removed from the 
medium, were placed in an ice-box for eight days in distilled water, and 
filtered through a Berkefeld filter. From the filtrate, which gave the 
proteid reaction, was precipitated by means of 60 per cent, alcohol, 
0*05 grm. of albuminous substance, which, when injected into a tuber- 
culous guinea-pig, caused no obvious reaction. The residue on the filter 
was extracted for three days with 1 per thousand hydrochloric acid, and 
then filtered through a Berkefeld. From this filtrate, neutralised with 
carbonate of soda, was precipitated with 60 per cent, spirit, 0*04 grm. 
of albuminous substance. 
The next treatment of the residue on the filter, with 2 per thousand 
caustic potash for eight days and subsequent filtration, produced, when 
neutralised with hydrochloric acid, a pretty copious deposit of albumen, 
which was employed for injecting tuberculous and healthy guinea-pigs. 
The effect of this was analogous to that of tuberculin. Tuberculous 
guinea-pigs injected with 0-875-3*5 mgrm. reacted generally and 
locally, while healthy guinea-pigs only reacted to a dose of 3 • 5 mgrm. 
with a rise of temperature. 
Small quantities of albuminous substance were precipitated from the 
* Deutsche Med. Wochenschr., 1894, No. 28. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. 
Parasitenk., xvi. (1894) p. 1019. 
f Oesterr. Molkereizeituug, 1894, No. 14. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
siteuk., xvi. (1894) p. 969. 
X Wien. Klin. Wockenschr., 1894, p. 712. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk. (l e Abt.), xvii. (1895) pp. 375-6. 
