538 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
number of animals in these two districts is very much the same. In the 
latter district Echinococci in man are almost unknown, while in Upper 
Pomerania the disease is quite frequent. Of the 150 cases collected by 
the author 67* * * § 33 per cent, were in the liver, 10*6 per cent, in the lungs, 
4 per cent, in the spleen, 6 per cent, in skin and muscles, 4*6 per cent, 
in the kidneys, and 6 * 6 per cent, in abdominal cavity and pelvic organs. 
Echinococcus of the Orbit.* — Dr. Rabbinowitsch narrates a case in 
which the eye was dislocated upwards and inwards owing to the presence 
of a tumour, and was so proptosed that it could not be covered with the 
lids even with great exertion. In consequence of its rapid growth the 
tumour was supposed to be a malignant neoplasm. At the operation it 
was found to be an Echinococcus bladder which extended as far as the 
foramen opticum. 
Rotifera. 
Eloscularia Hoodi.f — Mr. J. Hood supplements Dr. Robinson’s 
original description of this rare species. Owing to the exceptional 
transparency of the creature’s large head the true rotatory organ may be 
seen with greater facility than in any other species. It appears to be 
the most interesting and the most hardy of all members of its genus, but 
it should be supplied daily with a change of water taken from an 
aquarium where there is an ample supply of food in the form, of living 
Infusorians. 
Pedalionhnira.J — Prof. C. Claus has some notes on this interesting 
form, which occurred among other Rotifers revivified from dried mud. 
Its springing movements suggested the nauplius of Cyclops. Daday was 
mistaken in identifying Pedalion mira Hudson with the insufficiently 
described Hexarthra polyptera of Schmarda ; thus the six appendage- 
like processes of Hexarthra were said to be all ventral, while in Pedalion 
two unpaired processes arise between the dorsal and ventral surface, 
and the four others form a shorter dorsal, and a longer ventral pair. 
Moreover, Hexarthra is without the two posterior finger-like knobs with 
terminal cilia. These were also absent in Pedalion fennicum Levander, 
with which Schmarda’s species, if incorrectly described as to the position 
of its six processes, may perhaps be identical. 
Prof. Claus notes some detailed differences between his observations 
and those of Daday and Levander, but agrees emphatically with the 
latter that Pedalion is a true Rotifer, and that its suggestion of Arthropod 
characters, exaggerated by some, is merely the result of convergence. 
Echinoderma. 
Starfishes of the ‘ Vettor-Pisani ’ Expedition^ — Dr. F. Leipoldt 
has a somewhat lengthy memoir on the starfishes collected by this 
expedition during the years 1882-5. Eleven families, with 17 genera 
and 28 species, are represented in the collection, and of these two alone 
* Centralbl. f. Prakt. Augenheilkunde, 1894, p. 355: See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk., l te Abt., xvii. (1895) p. 679. 
t Internat. Journ. Micr. and Nat. Sci., v. (1895) pp. 291-5 (1 pi.), 
t Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, xi. (1895) pp. 13-6. 
§ Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., lix. (1895) pp. 543-644 (2 pis.). 
