ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
557 
Fungi, but that they form an autonomous group, with a phytogeny of 
its own, intermediate between Algas and Fungi. Their mode of multi- 
plication by means of soredes is quite peculiar to the group. The pro- 
totype of Lichens is probably to be found in the so-called “ pseudo- 
lichens ” found on rocks, tree-trunks, &c., in which Protococcus is th© 
algal element. 
Infection of Ureclinese.* * * § — Prof. E. Fischer establishes several new 
instances of the occurrence of “ species sorores ” j in the Uredineas : — 
JEcidium Leucanthemi , parasitic on Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, the 
Puccinia-torm of which infests Carex montana. The Puccinia from the 
same host maybe made also to infect Centaurea montana and C. Scabiosa.. 
Uromyces Cacalise is not, as has sometimes been stated, a Uromycopsis. 
Herr P. Magnus J puts a somewhat different interpretation on the 
facts observed by Fischer, regarding them as an illustration of the 
phenomenon of “ habit-races ” (6r ewohnheitsracen) rather than of “ species 
sorores.” 
Polymorphism of Sporotrichum.§ — In the course of its development 
Sporotrichum Vellereum takes, according to M. E. Boulanger, two distinct 
forms, — an aggregated form, in which it is identical with Graphium , and 
a perfect ascogenous form identical with Chdetomium. The former of 
these results from the coalescence of sporiferous branches' in the filamen- 
tous or Sporotrichum form. The Graphium and Chdetomium forms do not 
pass directly one into the other, but both have a tendency to revert to 
the Sporotrichum form, on which one or other of the two other forms 
then appears, according to the conditions of growth. 
Spermogones of Puccinia suaveolens.|| — Mr. D. A. Boyd points out 
that the spermogones of this fungus, parasitic on Cnicus arvensis , are 
fragrant with the odour of the evening primrose, and are probably useful 
in attracting insects to the plant. 
Sclerotes on Primus Padus and Pyrus Aucuparia.lf — M. M. Woro- 
nin states that Sclerotinia Padi and S. Aucuparise , which form sclerotes 
respectively on the bird-cherry and mountain-ash, are so similar that 
they must almost be regarded as varieties of the same species. When 
the conids fall on the stigma they coalesce, and put out a single thick 
germinating tube, a result of this coalescence, which passes down the 
style till it reaches an ovule. He proposes to classify Sclerotinise under 
three heads : — (1) Those which pass through their course of develop- 
ment on the same plant, and which form both conids and asci ( S . Padi , 
S. urnula, &c.) ; (2) Those which pass through their development on 
the same plant, but do not produce conids (S. Betulse ) ; (3) Those which 
produce conids and asci on different host-plants, or are heteroecious 
(S. heteroica , S. Bhododendri, &c.). 
Mycorhiza of Thismia.**— In Thismia Aseroe , a saprophytic plant 
from Malaya, belonging to the Burmanniacete, Mr. P. Groom records 
* SB. Naturf. Gesell. Bern, May 25, 1895. See Bot. Centralbl., lxii. (1895) p. 380- 
f Cf. this Journal, 1894, p. 603. 
% Bot. Centralbl., lxiii. (1895) pp. 39-42. 
§ Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bounier), vii. (1895) pp. 97-102, 166-71 (4 pis.). 
Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, iv. (1894) pp. 145-6. 
1 Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 1895 (1 pi.). See Hedwigia, xxxiv. 
(1895) Rep., p. 91.. ** Ann. Bot., ix. (1895) pp. 338-61 (2 pis.). 
