558 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
tlie constant presence of endophytic mycorhizal filaments in the leafless 
axial structures. These hyphae do not enter a cell until the latter has 
finished dividing and already possesses a nucleus clothed with a distinct 
permanent membrane. In the mediocortex, the hypha, having reached 
the nucleus, forms a local pear-like or oval swelling against it. In the 
epidermal cells, on the other hand, the hypha runs straight through 
the middle of the cell, and does not undergo local hypertrophy. In 
the excortical and limiting layers the behaviour of the hyphae is 
intermediate between those of the sheath and those of the medio- 
cortex. The determining influence in the direction taken by the hypha 
is apparently its chemotropism ; and the hyphas appear to derive 
nutriment from the cell rather than to convey nutriment to it. The 
nucleus of the cell is the centre of the metabolic changes on which the 
hyphae depend for their nutrition. The excortical liyphae act as haustoria 
for the benefit of cells lying outside them. The author contests Frank’s 
view of the analogy of the part played by an endotrophic mycorhiza with 
the digestion of captured insects by an insectivorous plant. 
Cladosporium and Dematium.* — According to Sig. A. N. Berlese, 
Cladosporium herbarum is a derivative form of Hormodendron clado- 
.sporioides which has lost its power of branching and of forming conids. 
It consists of' a mass of nearly related forms which differ in their 
pycnid-stage. Dematium pullulans does not belong to the same cycle of 
•development. 
Hymenium of Marasmius. j — M. J. de Seynes describes a peculiarity 
in the structure of the hymenium in an African species of Marasmius. 
The production of basids is suppressed ; but both the ordinary cells of 
the hymenium and the fusiform cystids produce w r art-like or cylindrical 
appendages at their apex. The hymenium, in fact, exhibits a tendency 
to revert to the condition of a simple epidermal layer of cells, a tendency 
which may be compared with that of certain Hymenomycetes to produce 
conids on the hymenium. 
New Genera of Phalloidese.J — In addition to a number of new 
species, Herr A. Moller describes the following new genera of Phalloideae 
from Brazil. 
Protubera, a nearly hypogaean genus resembling Clathrus in some 
respects, but representing the lowest type of the Clathreae, and marking 
the transition to the Hymenogastreae through Hysterangium. 
Blumenavia has a receptacle resembling that of Laternea , but the 
branches are furnished with membranous wing-like appendages which 
bear the glebe ; and the genus therefore differs from other genera of 
Clathreae in the glebe not being seated immediately on the receptacle, but 
on the outer side of its lobes. 
Aporophallus is distinguished by the glebe stretching above the apex 
of the receptacle in an unbroken cap. It marks the transition from the 
Phalleae to the Hymenogastreae. 
In Itajahya the jdates of the trama on which the glebe is placed 
* Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1895, p. 34 (1 pi.). See Hedwigia, xxxiv. (1895) 
Rep., p. 92. t Comptcs Rend us, cxx. (1895) pp. 763-5. 
% Bot. Mittheil. aus d. Tropeu (Sehimper), 1895, 152 pp. and 8 pis. See Bot. 
Centralbl., lxii. (1895) p. 173. 
