ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
627 
of Lampyris* * * § M. Megnin even doubts whether M. Gruvel has read the 
papers by him which the latter cites, and Dr. Trouessart is of opinion 
that the nymphs which M. Gruvel found belong either to the genus 
Poliaspis or Discopoma. 
Browning of Leaves of Foliaceous Plants by Phyllocoptina.-j- — 
That diseases of leaves are caused by Gall-mites has been known to 
Herr D. von Schlechtendal for the past twelve years, though it is only 
since the beginning of this discussion that Nalepa showed that the 
browning was caused, not by one species of gall-mite, but that almost 
every tree had its own specific irritant. The disease, browning of the 
leaves, has recently spread rather extensively in the vicinity of Halle, 
and on the most important of the affected plants the author has made 
some observations. 
(1) JEsculus HippocastaneumTi., browning of the leaves by Tregonotus 
carinatus Nal. Besides the gall-mites, there were frequently numerous 
colonies of “ red spiders.” 
(2) FEsculus rubicunda Lois, was infected with Phytopta , not a leaf 
being free from mites. 
(3) Corylus Avellana L. by Phyllocoptes comatus Nal. 
(4) Fraxinus excelsior L. by Phyllocoptes epiphyllus Nal. 
(5) Pirus communis and Mains L. by Phyllocoptes Schlechtendali Nal. 
(6) Prunus domestica and P. cerasus L. by Phyllocoptes Fockeni 
Nalepa and Trouessart. 
(7) Posa canina L. by Callyntrotus Schlechtendali Nal. 
(8) Tilia platyphyllos Scop, by Phyllocoptes Ballei Nal. 
Citigrade Spiders of Russia.* — Herr P. Schmidt discusses 58 species 
of Citigrade Russian spiders, of which three are new, 12 new to Russia, 
and some others hitherto incompletely diagnosed. In the list of 104 
Russian Citigrades, 37 are only known from Russia. The Citigrade 
spiders are of course characteristic of flat lands, steppes, and deserts, 
which abound in the Russian Empire. 
e. Crustacea. 
Carcinological Fauna of India.§ — Dr. A. Alcock has published the 
first of a series of papers, in which he hopes to be able to turn to some 
account the mass of material accumulated by the late Prof. Wood-Mason. 
Commencing with the Brachyura oxyrhyncha, he naturally has made 
much use of the work of Mr. E. J. Miers, although he is not able to give 
his complete adherence to the classification proposed by that carcino- 
logist. As Miers himself remarks, every reasonable gradation of form 
is to be seen from Stenorhynchus to Pericera, and to divide such a group 
into families involves, the author thinks, unnecessary and unphilo- 
sophical interference with the meaning of the term “ family.” He adds, 
and it is quite true, that nothing is gained, from the point of view of the 
practical systematist, by establishing families which overlap in all 
* See this Journal, ante, p. 525. 
t Zeitschr. f. PflanzenkranHi., v. (1895) No. 1. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. 
Parasitenk., 2 te Abt., i. (1895) pp. 600-2. 
X Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst., viii. (1895) pp. 439-84. 
§ Joum. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, lxiv. (1895) pp. 157-291 (3 pis.). 
2 t 2 
