Notes on Fresh-water Ciliate Protozoa of India. — II. 31 
where found usually occurs in considerable abundance.” The 
water was collected on December 16, and kept in the laboratory 
in an open-mouthe^ jar. The specimens were found mostly in 
the debris of silt at the bottom of the jar, and there were practically 
no other Ciliates in the same water. Individuals were of quite a 
large size, easily visible to the naked eye, and opalescent white in 
appearance, creeping about slowly. The specimens at first lived 
well, but three days later, i.e. on December 19, no more specimens 
could be found in the jar, nor in another sample of water from the 
same place. Probably all had died in consequence of a marked 
fall of -temperature during the preceding night. 
As regards the structure of the form I have nothing to add to 
the elaborate figure and description given by Schuberg and copied 
by Biitschli {13), Lang {30), and Hickson {18). All these authori- 
ties seem to differ, however, in their interpretation of the same 
figure which they reproduce from Schuberg. These differences 
concern the position of the mouth, the character of the gullet, the 
exact boundaries of the peristome, and the presence or absence of 
membranes inside it. Biitschli, for example, in his description of 
the genus, says as follows : — 
“ The narrowed, gullet-like, hinder part of the peristome usually 
bends round to the left, and runs into an oval aperture. Adjoining 
this there is, however, a long and very slender buccal cleft, lying 
slightly on the right side and extending along nearly the whole 
peristome.” On referring to the legend to his figure (Plate LXYII, 
fig. 6, a), we find “ msp. The long buccal cleft, on the right side, 
leading right through the peristomial cavity to the end (o) of the 
gullet.” The structure referred to as “ the gullet ” appears to be 
the bent portion of the peristome, though it would have been 
better to place the letter o a little lower on the figure — i.e. at the 
end of the actual tubular cavity of the peristome, and not on 
the membranellse of the adoral zone. Lang (pp. 143-4) altogether 
avoids the mention of any gullet,, and simply says : — “ The cyto- 
stome is a long cleft, which extends from before backwards in the 
peristomial wall, on the right side, as far as the hindmost extremity 
of the peristomial sac.” Hickson (p. 407), referring to this cleft, 
described it as “ a gutter (m) leading down to the mouth, and this 
is continued into a narrow oesophagus ” (o). It is best, in my 
opinion, to say that there is no gullet in this animal, though there 
is a posterior tube-like continuation of the peristome, as, properly 
speaking, there is no cytopharynx following a definite cytostome, 
the gutter-like cleft serving the purpose of a mouth opening. 
Again, Biitschli says : — “ Ciliation moderate ; the peristomial 
field unciliated. U ndulating membrane wanting.” Lang indicates 
(fig. 155, 10) a “ peristomial plate” which is finely ciliate along 
its free edge ; while Hickson (fig. 59), referring to the peristomial 
excavation, says, “ a thin vertical fold projects into this cavity on 
