60 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
1919, 64, 67-119, Plates 6, 7, 8, and 3 text-figs.). Nephridia are not 
“ plectonephric,” as hitherto described for this genus. A large number 
of extremely fine tubules can be observed, and these are situated 
mostly on the septa and the inner surface of the body-wall. Altogether 
there are three different sets, named according to their position, 
the septal , the integumentary , and the pharyngeal. The septal 
nephridia are attached on both sides of all the septa behind the 
fourteenth segment. They do not open on the external surface of the 
earthworm, but communicate, through a pair of septal excretory canals 
situated on each septum, with a pair of supra-intes final excretory ducts 
running longitudinally near the mid-dorsal line below the dorsal blood- 
vessel. These longitudinal excretory ducts communicate segmentally 
with the lumen of the gut, through which the excretory products due 
to the activity of the nephridia would seem to be passed out. The 
number of septal nephridia in each coelomic chamber is from 80 to 100. 
The integumentary nephridia are less than half the size of the septal, 
but very much more numerous, and are attached to the inside of the 
body- wall. They open directly to the exterior by numerous nephridio- 
pores. The pharyngeal nephridia occur, in tufts and surround the 
oesophagus in the fourth, fifth and sixth segments. These open by 
long muscular ducts into the pharynx and buccal cavity of the worm. 
Since the essential feature of this new type of nephridia is that all the 
numerous septal and pharyngeal nephridia are connected with a system 
of ducts, which open not on the surface of the skin, but into the 
intestine and other regions of the gut, the term “ enteronephric ” is 
proposed to distinguish it. The nephridia have been exhaustively 
investigated in Pheretima posthuma, and in addition to the general plan, 
the arrangement of the ducts, the histology of these organs is also dealt 
with, and comparison made with the nephridial system of some other 
species of Pheretima. B. L. B. 
Nematohelminthes. 
Nematodes from the Camel in India. — C. L Boulenger ( Para- 
sitology , 1921, 13, 311-4, 3 figs.). Descriptions of Bsemonchus longistipes 
Rabbet and Henry and Nematodirus mauretanicus Maupas and Seurat. 
J. A. T. 
Strongylids from Punjab Horses. — C. L. Boulenger {Parasitology, 
1921, 13, 315-26, 5 figs.). Notes on twenty-one species, not including 
any new forms, with fresh information on the structure and development 
of some of the less familiar, as web as remarks on geographical distribu- 
tion. The majority of the species of horse sclerostomes seem to have 
a very wide distribution, many forms being now known from five 
continents. J. A. T. 
Vinegar Eels. — Arnold Zimmermann {Revue Suisse Zool., 1921, 
28, 357-79). Success has attended Zimmermann’s endeavours to find 
a perfectly aseptic culture for Anguillula, and he has demonstrated the 
possibility of continued life and reproduction in these conditions. This 
has been already proved for the fruit-fly Drosophila. But the continued 
reproduction is only possible if there be added to the simple nutritive 
