ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
211 
advanced — and the statements made are abundantly illustrated. Plecto- 
mycetes and Discomycetes are treated first, then Pyrenomycetes in the 
same exhaustive way. Two other groups — Ustilaginales and Uredinales 
— are similarly examined and described. A bibliography dealing with 
the special subjects is appended to each chapter, and a copious index 
completes the book. A. L. S. 
Orchid Mycorrhiza. — J. Ramsbottom {Charles worth and Co.'s Cata- 
logue, 1922, 1-18, 3 pis.). A general account of symbiosis between 
fungi and other plants is given first. That fungi were present in the 
rootlets of Phanerogams has been known fora long time. Link figured 
them in an orchid in 1840. The paper before us deals mainly, however, 
with the obligate association between germinating orchid seeds and the 
mycelium of a fungus. They were first discovered in the roots in 1847. 
Their occurrence there is described, and then the germination of the 
seeds, which were known not to grow unless on “orchid soil.” It is 
necessary only to supply the fungus, which was done on a commercial 
scale and with scientific exactness by the late Joseph Oharlesworth 
(1851-1920). The special fungus required is discussed, and is referred 
for convenience to the genus Rhizoctonia. The dependence of Gastrodia 
data on a fungus ( Armillaria mellea) is described, and the question of 
seed production in orchids is discussed. Mycorrhiza in Ericaceae and 
Pyrolaceas has been thoroughly examined by various workers and the 
results are given, and there is a general account of Saprophytism in 
relation to the association of Mycorrhiza with so many different types 
of plants. A. L. S. 
Mycological Contributions. — Karl Kavina ( Vestnik Kralov. 
V V 
Geshe Spolecnosti Nauk , 1917, 4, 1-21, 3 figs.). The author describes 
a new species parasitic on moss, Tricothecium bryophilum. He found it 
in several localities both in the open and in glass-houses, and on several 
different mosses. Another new fungus, Eurotium Velichii, with very 
dark spores, was found on the soil, possibly on rotting vegetation. The 
perithecia were easily developed in culture. Notes are given on 
Podophacidium terrestre , which he has proved to be identical with 
Melachroia xanthomela. He found the different stages of the fungus 
growing in the open. The species now takes the name Podophacidium 
xanthomelum. A. L. S. 
Higher Basidiomycetes from the Philippines and their Hosts : V. 
— Otto A. Reinking ( Philippine Journ. Sci ., 1921, 19, 91-114). 
The list of fungi, Auriculariacege, Polyporaeea?, &c., is a continuation 
of those previously published ; the majority of the determinations were 
made by 0. 0. Lloyd. Under each species the host or substratum is 
given, and, as an appendix, a list of hosts with the fungi that have been 
found on them. Some of the fungi — as, for instance, Auricularia * 
\ Auricula- Judse — have been found on a very large number of trees. 
A. L. S. 
Illustrations of Fungi: XXXIII. — William A. Murrill ( Myco - 
logia, 1922, 14, 25-9, 8 pis.). The author has described at length 
