ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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and produced unfertile eggs ; another mated without result ; the rest 
have never mated, either with males or females. The ovary is some- 
what reduced. They occurred in three separate strains, also marked by 
cannibalism. A very slow attainment of maturity characterizes these 
intersexes, and a large final size. The continuance of the development 
of the female characters after the male characters have appeared is to 
be remarked. The interpretation proposed is that forms genetically 
female have been converted to a male type of metabolism during their 
life-history. J. A. T. 
New Subterranean Amphipod. — Kozo Akatsuka and Takit 
Komai (. Annot . Zool. Japon., 1922, 10 , 119-26, 4 figs.). Description 
of Pseudo -crangonyx, a new genus of subterranean Amphipod nearly 
related to Grangonyx , e.g., in the uniramous condition of the third 
uropod, but differing definitely, e.g., in having the third uropod 
rather long and two- jointed, whereas it is short and one- jointed in 
Grangonyx. Three Japanese species are described from wells and an 
aqueduct. J. A. T. 
Metamorphosis of Cyclops. — Esther F. Byrnes ( Gold Spring 
Harbor Monographs , 1921, 9 , 1-19, 16 pis.). A finely illustrated 
account of the metamorphosis of Gy cloys americanus and G. sign at us. 
After the eggs have been extruded by the female they are carried about 
by her as egg-masses attached on either side of the abdomen. While 
so carried, the eggs undergo segmentation and subsequent development. 
The young hatch out as free-swimming nauplii. Nine stages are 
described as regards the appendages, and some interesting variations 
from the norm are recorded. One of the simplest ways of following 
the metamorphosis is to isolate individuals and to study the moulted 
cuticle. If the moult be studied at once it gives an accuracy of outline 
and detail that is difficult to obtain in the study of the living form. 
J. A. T. 
Labral Glands and Mode of Feeding in Simocephalus vetulus. — 
H. Graham Cannon (Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., 1922, 66, 218-84, 
2 pis., 2 figs.). The labral glands in this Cladoceran consist of a 
proximal and a distal group of gland-cells. The proximal group 
consists on each side of about twenty cells. These possess large flat 
nuclei, and their secretion collects as intercellular vacuoles. The distal 
glands consist on each side of four gland-cells and a duct-cell. The 
anterior pair of gland-cells possess large spheroidal nuclei between which 
is an ill-defined reservoir of secretion. The posterior pair have cup- 
shaped nuclei between which is a very definite reservoir of secretion. 
The duct-cell is a hollow tube. The duct-cells serve as ducts for the 
whole of the labral glands, the secretion passing as vacuoles from cell 
to cell. The duct-cell alters the reaction of the secretion before passing 
it to the exterior. Food particles carried in the stream due to the 
trunk-limbs are abstracted by the gnathobases of the second trunk-limbs. 
There are ten setae on the gnathobase of the second trunk-limb ; the 
anterior three are comb-like and brush the secretion of the labral glands 
on to the food-particles as they collect between the maxillae. The setae 
of the maxillae pass the food on to the mandibles. Females stained 
u 
