ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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out in the consideration of the lichen thallus ; she argues therefore for 
the systematic position of lichens as a special group of plants. 
A. L. S. 
Chemical Study of Blue-green Algae and Lichens. — Eva Mameli 
{Atti 1st. Bot. Univ. Pavia , 1920, 17 , 262-3). In a note at the end 
of her paper on blue-green algae Mameli adds her experience of blue- 
green lichen gonidia. Though the lichen hyphae are subject to modifi- 
cations in content and form, the algae suffer no important change, 
except occasionally in the size of the cells. The Cyanophyceae in the 
lichen thallus do not differ from free Cyanophyceae. She finds pectic 
substances in these algae, and in some cases hemicelluloses in the 
mucilage surrounding the alga. A. L. S. 
Lichens of New Caledonia. — A. Lorrain Smith ( Journ . Linn. 
Soc., 1922, 46 , 71-87). The lichens collected by R. H. Compton in 
New Caledonia number 110 species or varieties; about half of them 
are new records for the island, and 1 genus and 20 species are new to 
science. The new genus Lepidoleptogium is paralleled by Lepidocollema. 
The writer was able to confirm Muller -Argau’s view that air-currents 
transported particles of lichen thallus from South America to Africa and 
thence to Oceania. New Caledonia seems to have an abundant lichen- 
flora. A. L. S. 
New Lichen from an Unusual Substratum. — Bruce Finck {Myco- 
logia, 1922, 14 , 95-6). The lichen described, Thelocarpon fimicola 
sp. n., was found by the writer growing on cow-dung in Kentucky. It 
was associated with Protococcus which it had parasitized, but there was 
no evident thallus. The spores were numerous in the asci, and very 
minute. A. L. S. 
Lichens of the Lake George Region. — Stewart IT. Burnham 
( Bryologist , 1922, 25, 1-8). The district lies in the State of New York, 
and many collections of lichens have been made there. Burnham makes 
use of previous work, and adds his own results. The present list 
includes 100 species. It is interesting to note the large number of 
European species. Habitat and locality are given, along with the 
collectors’ names. A. L. S. 
Determination of Lichens in the Field. — W. Watson {Journ. 
Bot., 1922, 60 , Suppl. I., 1-16). The author has prepared a key to 
lichens mainly with a view to helping ecologists to recognize and 
determine these plants in the field. He gives helpful field notes. So 
far it is the genera that are dealt with, though many species come under 
review. A. L. S. 
Lichens of Sardinia. — Eva Mameli {Atti 1st. Bot. Univ. Pavia , 
1920, 17 , 159-73). The list is drawn up from a collection made by 
the author in 1906, and from records of Sardinian lichens by Italian 
lichenologists such as Garovaglio and others. Altogether the species 
found on the island number about 400. A first series is published in 
this paper, which includes occasional biological notes. A. L. S. 
