ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
411 
differ from region to region, or from organ to organ,” and furthermore 
this variation is not constant, but is conditioned by morphological 
features ; (4) that the problems of morphology or of morphogenesis 
demand the use of biometric and comparative methods to supplement 
each other. S. G. 
Correlations in Anatomy in Seedling of Phaseolus. — J. A. 
Harris, E. W. Sinnott, J. Y. Pennypacker, and G. B. Durham 
(Amer. Journ. Bot., 1921, 8, 339-65). An investigation as to the 
interrelationship of the vascular structures in the different regions of 
normal and abnormal seedlings. “ The characters considered are : — 
(1) number of primary double bundles, of intercalary bundles, and of 
total bundles at the base of the hypocotyl ; (2) number of bundles in 
the central region of the hypocotyl ; and (3) number of bundles in the 
central region of the epicotyl.” There is close correlation between 
the three classes of bundles at the base of the hypocotyl and the 
number of bundles in the central region of the hypocotyl ; this correla- 
tion is usually greater in normal than in abnormal plants. It is not 
possible to assert definitely that any such correlation exists between the 
three classes of bundles at the base of the hypocotyl and in the central 
region of the epicotyl. There is little if any correlation between the 
number of bundles in the centre of the hypocotyl and the centre of the 
epicotyl. These results confirm those of an earlier paper that the 
vascular system is completely re-organized at the cotyledonary node. 
Differentiation of the parent plants resulting from either genetic or 
environmental factors cannot be regarded as the source of the variation 
and correlation in the number of bundles. The authors conclude — 
{1) That the vascular system of the seedling is not constant, but varies 
both in the species and in the individual ; (2) that seedlings differing 
in external form differ profoundly in their internal anatomy, and the 
external form is correlated with the internal structure ; (3) that the 
anatomical characters of the seedling are interrelated, but while some 
show strong correlation, others show little or no correlation. It 
seems possible that quantitative measurement of such relationships 
will assist in solving some of the fundamental problems of morpho- 
genesis. 8. Gr. 
CRYPTOGAMS. 
Pteridophyta. 
Origin of New Varieties of Nephrolepis by Orthogenetic Salta- 
tion. — R. C. Benedict {Amer. Journ. Bot ., 1922, 9, 140-57, 6 pis.). 
This second paper treats of the regressive variation or reversion 
from the primary and secondary sports of Nephrolepis exaltata var. 
bostoniensis. For the previous memoir reference should be made 
to Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , 1916, 43 , 207-34, 6 pis. In the present 
paper the following points are discussed : — 1. The nature of regressive 
variation. 2. Description of the regressive varieties (with a genea 
logical chart). 3. Reversions of the primary sports of bostoniensis. 
4. Reversions of the secondary sports of bostoniensis. A. Gepp. 
