DISCOVERIES AT A VILLAGE OF THE STOHE AGE. 25 
The position of the encampment also, situated as it was 
on the edge of an open beach facing the south, and sheltered 
from the north-west and north-east winds by protecting ridges 
of land, was well adapted for a winter residence. 
With our very imperfect knowledge of the shell-heap folk 
of Passamaquoddy Bay and of the remains they have left, it 
would be premature to say how long these kitchen-middens 
have been lying in their present condition, or when the various 
village sites marked by accumulation of these remains were 
abandoned. It may, however, be worth while to mention a 
few points bearing on the question of their age. 
Among all the weapons, implements, and other objects 
found at Bocabec, not one article has been met with which in 
any way would lead to the supposition that these people were 
acquainted with the products of European industry. Mr. W. 
F. Ganong informed me that at a group of kitchen-middens 
at Chamcook, near St. Andrews, not far from the spot where 
De Monts wintered with the first colony of Europeans who 
attempted a settlement in Acadia, an iron-bound copper 
kettle had been found. I am not aware of the conditions 
under which the discovery was made. No trace of any object 
formed of metal or glass was detected at Bocabec. The stone 
weapons and implements were made of material occuring on 
the Bocabec River, or in its neighborhood, or at least not 
farther off than the St. John River. Two of the scrapers, 
one of chalcedony and the other of agate, shewed quite a deep 
weathering and must have been for a long time exposed on 
the surface of the ground. Nevertheless, the tools of felsite, 
which are more easily affected by the weather, do not give 
indications by the condition of their surface of very great 
antiquity; and the two scrapers of chalcedony and agate may 
have been the implements of an earlier people found and used 
by the latter dwellers at Bocabec. 
An inference regarding the antiquity of this village site 
may also be drawn from the covering of vegetable mould 
which has gathered on the surface of the shell-heaps to a 
greater or less depth in different places. In the hollows, and 
especially over the hut bottoms this mould has attained a 
