20 BULLETIN OF TH FI NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
cured at Grand Manan Island to the south, or on the St. 
John River to the north. Two scrapers made of these varie- 
ties of quartz shew a remarkable amount of weathering, as 
though they had been in use for a long time. 
The source of supply for the material from which the 
greater part of the stone weapons and implements of Bocabec 
have been fabricated is not far distant from the site of the 
village. The whole northern and eastern side of Passama- 
quoddy Bay is bordered by trap rocks and sedimentary rocks 
which, from the fossils found in the slates at the base of the 
series, are regarded as Upper Silurian. The lower part of this 
formation with marine fossils, which in the Reports of the 
Geological Survey of Canada are described as Division 1, are 
absent from the outcrops about Bocabec, which expose at the 
base of the terrain, Division 2. This part of the terrain 
which, in the most southerly outcrops in Charlotte County, 
consists of hardened silicious shales, is represented at Bocabec 
by a fine-grained petrosilex, exposed in Digdeguash Basin, 
and probably also on Bocabec River. This rock splits with a 
deep conchoidal fracture, and is capable of being worked like 
flint or chert into stone weapons. It is this material which 
the men of Bocabec found most advantageous for the fabri- 
cation of lance and arrow-heads.* 
In the Third Division (Div. 3) of the Silurian series of rocks, 
flaggy sandstones are common on the southern margin of Passa- 
maquoddy Bay; but at Bocabec, which is at the head of the 
same Bay, this number of the series is found to be very com- 
pact and fine-grained, coming under the the denomination of 
quartzite. This rock has been used to some extent by the 
dwellers of Bocabec for their larger weapons and implements. 
A third rock, or rather mineral, quartz, was one of which 
the men of Bocabec availed themselves to a large extent in 
the manufacture of stone weapons. As this mineral occurs 
abundantly in the pebbles of the drift and other surface de- 
posits of the region, it is plentiful on the sea beaches, which 
♦This rock is sometimes called hornstone ; it is not however a hornstone which 
is a splintery or flint-like variety of quartz, but it is a fine grained, siliceous, sedi- 
mentary rock, baked or hardened. It differs from felsite, which develops numerous 
joints when weathered, and so is unsuitable for flint implements. 
