424 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
their first map appearance upon that accompanying this paper. 
Such is its character down to Flewelling Brook. 
Below Flewelling Brook the character of the river gradually 
changes. It becomes shallower and broader, with more fall 
and rather frequent shallow rips, and occasional flat ledge 
bottom. The banks meantime are rising into low bluffs or 
cliffs of sandstone, and the country behind becomes higher, 
with some abrupt hills and ridges amongst which the river valley 
winds with markedly abrupt turns. This higher country, how- 
ever, continues only for three or four miles, when it opens out 
again at Mountain Brook, a stream insignificant at its mouth 
but occupying a considerable valley, which, Mr. Welch assures 
me, extends through to Cains River in continuity with the 
valley of Blue Rock Brook. Into this same valley the main 
river now swings for a mile or two, running southeast through 
long stillwaters. Then it turns again abruptly northeast and 
enters a high country, through which it winds and zigzags in 
an even more complicated course than the scale of our accom- 
panying map permits to be shown. Here the slopes, bluffs, 
and often vertical cliffs, of much-jointed gray sandstone rise 
up to near a hundred feet from the river, while the country rolls 
up higher in marked ridges behind. Meantime, the river is 
almost continuously shallow, swift, and rocky, a grievous trial 
to the canoeman who must drag his craft (in our case a wooden 
canoe specially provided with runners for the purpose) for miles 
together. Downward the country becomes even higher, and 
the windings more abrupt, the fall greater, and the valley appar- 
ently narrower, these features culminating in the vicinity of 
McAllister Brook, below which they perhaps mitigate a trifle. 
And thus the river continues, ever in its deep winding rock- 
walled, stony-bottomed valley, with occasional large granite 
boulders in the stream, down to Meadow Brook, just below 
which it makes its great bend to the southward. 
The Gaspereau down to this point thus exhibits features 
comparable with those of Cains River lying to the northward, 
as the description of that river in Note No. 118 will attest. Both 
have the quiet upper course in an open country; then both 
