438 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
precisely as I suggested in my note on the Northumbrian Rivers 
(Note No. 93, this Bulletin No. XXIV, 1906, 423). This valley 
probably followed Trout Brook to the Richibucto, and, in the 
other direction, can be traced clear back to Red Bank Creek, 
which, as one can see clearly from the high railroad bridge at 
Chipman, lies in a wide valley here crossing Salmon River and 
extending northeast-southwest. 
At Smith’s Landing, marked by a pleasing high camp ground 
close beside a spring brook falling over a ledge, the river turns 
abruptly northwest, and changes its character somewhat, becom- 
ing swifter and a little more broken by rips; while rocky valley 
walls appear, in sandstone cliffs, some twenty feet or more high, 
or very steep slopes with higher country behind. Evidently 
this part of the valley is much newer than the portion above, 
and is obviously homologous in origin with other northwest- 
southeast valleys of this region, (e. g., — the lower five miles 
of Cains River) representing a stream which has worked back 
along a synclinal valley and captured the upper river. An 
extension of this valley northwest and southeast is suggested 
by the topography on the Geological maps. 
At Van Buskirk’s Brickyard, relic of an ambitious but fruit- 
less enterprise, the river swings more to the westward, and 
again changes its character, becoming now a typical deadwater 
stream, — narrow, deep, and winding greatly through soft banks 
of intervale, covered densely with the usual intervale vegetation; 
and this character continues, with occasional small rock exposures, 
down to below Trout Brook. Obviously the river here occupies 
a large basin in which the bed rock lies mostly much below the 
present water level. The origin of this basin is plain enough. 
It lies exactly in the line of that great trough, occupied by the 
Richibucto and Salmon Rivers, which almost converts the part 
of New Brunswick southeast of it into a separate island; for 
it would require a depression of not much over 100 feet, as the 
railway levels show, to fill this trough with salt water all the 
way from Richibucto Harbour to Saint John Harbour. 
Below Trout Brook, the river gradually broadens and becomes 
swifter, and a mile farther down the sandstone banks reappear 
