The Echinodermata of j hew Brunswick. 2] 
Gulf of St. Lawrence. To it he gave the name of Nova Scotia 
fauna. In 1857 (E), Lutken, from a study of the Echinoder- 
mata, established a sub-fauna of coincident range, but gave it 
the more appropriate name of Acadian fauna, a name which 
it still retains. In 1863 (I), Prof. Packard, reasoning chiefly 
from the mollusca collected on the coast of Labrador, came to- 
the conclusion that there was a special colder water fauna 
occupying a great part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, distinct 
from the Acadian fauna proper. This he knew extended- 
outside the Gulf and southward on some of the banks off the 
Maine coast, particularly St. George’s Bank: Being thus, 
south of Labrador, a shoal fauna, he called it Syrtensian. 
The later researches of the United States Fish Commission 
under the direction of himself and Prof. Verrill, defined more 
clearly its limits and showed that it occupies all the banks 
oft the Nova Scotia and Maine coasts as far as St. George’s 
Bank. They found, also, that it has outliers occupying the 
deeper parts at the month of the Bay of Eundy, and at one or 
two other points in the Gulf of Maine. Mr. Whiteaves has 
confirmed the presence of this Syrtensian fauna in the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence and shown that, with the exception of small 
outliers on Orphan and Bradelle Banks, it is sharply marked 
oft from the Acadian fauna which occupies the southern part 
of the Gulf. A line drawn from the northernmost point of 
Cape Breton Island to the northernmost of the Magdalenes, 
and thence to the northern entrance of Bay Chaleur will separ- 
ate these two faunae. The different marine faunal sub-regions 
then, of the northeastern coast of America, may be summar- 
ized as follows. There is first the Circumpolar, occupying all 
the region of Davis Strait, the coast of Greenland, and the 
northern part of the coast of Labrador. South of this comes 
the Syrtensian, which occupies the southern part of the coast 
of Labrador, the waters to the east of Newfoundland includ- 
ing the Grand Bank, the Straits of Belleisle, all the deeper 
parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence with outliers on Orphan 
and Bradelle Banks, the passage between Cape Breton and 
Newfoundland, Sable Island and the other banks off the- 
Nova Scotia and Maine coasts, certain deep portions of the- 
