48 Bulletin Wisconsin Natural History Society [Vol. 12, Nos. 1 & 2 
plants are Ostrya virginiaiia, Quercus rubra, Quercus coccinea, 
Uhnus americana, Acer saccharum, and Tilia ajnericana. How- 
ever that may be, after this virgin coniferous forest was destroyed, 
there ingressed from the south a biota consisting of prairie and 
deciduous forest border types, the latter predominating. This 
ingression is seen in part in the Roadside Association where we 
find Liopeltis vernalis, Colaptes a. luteus, Dumetella carolmensis, 
Toxostoma rufum, and Tamias s. griseus, species which have all 
increased in abundance in the region since the observations were 
begun in 1906. Tamias s. griseus was not seen in the region until 
1907 after which date it began to increase rapidly, until now it is 
abundant along most country roads and in open scrub deciduous 
woods; it was first seen in the Roadside Association of Ridgeway 
Bog in 1911, and one year later (in 1912) it was a common species 
there. Dumetella carolinensis made its first appearance in Ridge- 
way Bog in 1911, a single pair which in 1912 had increased to 
three pairs; in 1906 I knew of only three pairs of catbirds in the 
entire region, in 1912 there were dozens of them. Toxostoma 
rufum was apparently absent from the region until 1909 when I 
knew of a single nesting pair; in 1912 there were at least six nesting 
pairs, one of which was in the Roadside Association of Ridgeway 
Bog. 
Now it might be argued by some that through oversight these 
species were not observed in the earlier studies, but such an ob- 
jection seems hardly valid since the species are all animals which 
may be termed ‘‘conspicuous” and the observations were con- 
ducted as carefully in the earlier studies as in the later; further- 
more the more intensive observations each year were made in the 
same local, though somewhat extensive, areas. There are other 
animals which are known to have ingressed this region since the 
clearing of the forests among which are the quail (Colinus virgini- 
anus),^^ whip-poor-will {Setochalcis vocifera), meadowlark (Stur- 
nella magna), grass finch (Pooecetes gramineus), scarlet tanager 
{Piranga erythromelas) , and the coyote (Canis latrans). So 
general is this present ingression that it might be predicted with no 
little degree of certainty what species might ingress the region 
The quail may possibly have been introduced by human agency. I have seen only two; 
a male August 8, 1907 on a pine stump in a hayfield near Woodboro, Wisconsin, and again two 
days later a male, probably the same bird, in the same field. 
