NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 
195 
the simple porcellanons forms arc comparatively common ; and their 
area of distribution is otherwise world-wide ; yet it is hardly too 
much to say that no approach to a full-sized mature specimen of any 
of the modifications of the Milioline type has been met with in the 
North Polar material. One or two of the species are undescribed 
hitherto ; and a few others present characters somewhat modified by 
their boreal habitat. 
Here and there in the finer portions of some of the soundings, the 
siliceous tests of Eadiolaria were observed ; but at one station only, 
and that the most northerly of all, were they met with in any 
abundance. Professor Haeckel, to whom the mounts were submitted, 
considered that the species are, as far as they go, exactly identical 
with those found in the ‘ Challenger ’ soundings from the sea-bottom 
in the middle of the Pacific, from about 8° N. to 8° S. of the equator, 
at depths of 2400 to 2900 fathoms. He also confirmed the view 
which Mr. Brady had already arrived at, that, until we have the 
wider basis for accurate nomenclature which the publication of the 
‘ Challenger * Eadiolaria will afford, it is better to give nothing more 
than an enumeration of the genera observed. 
In summing up the general results the author points out that, 
with respect to the Foraminifera, we are now able to add to the 
previous researches (which have rendered account of the Arctic fauna 
as far north as lat. 76° 30' — that is, to within 13° 30' of the North 
Pole) — three further instalments, namely, the group of soundings in 
Smith Sound and the north of Baffin’s Bay, a single one in Hall 
Basin, and a series to the north of Eobeson’s Channel. These extend 
our knowledge of the sea-bottom to lat. 83° 19' N., a distance of 
6° 49', more than half the interval between the most northerly point 
of previous researches and the actual North Pole. From a zoological 
point of view the result is not less gratifying. Sir E. Parry’s 
soundings in Baffin’s Bay, which, taken together, furnish the northern- 
most section of Messrs. Parker and Jones’s table, yielded seventeen 
species of Foraminifera. All but three of these have been found in 
the soundings ; but they form only a small part of the catalogue of 
fifty-three species which appear in the table accompanying the article. 
Setting aside the Norwegian lists given by the same authors, as 
representing a fauna more or less influenced by the warm current of 
the Gulf Stream, the Hundee Island and Baffin’s Bay columns give 
an aggregate of fifty-five species, or only two in excess of the total 
now recorded. The facts which have been elicited, therefore, appear 
to indicate that there is no very striking diminution in the number 
and variety of the Ehizopoda as we approach the North Pole. 
Thirteen species are figured on two plates. 
On Examining, Preserving, and Photographing Bacteria. — Dr. Koch, 
of Posen, has published an interesting article in Cohn’s ‘ Beitragen 
zur Biologie der Pflanzen,’ Bd. ii. Heft 3, of which the following are 
the chief results : 
For a long time attempts have been made to improve the 
method of examining Bacteria, such as the haimatoxyline staining of 
Weigert ; the process for the cultivation of Bacteria in long glass 
