292 
NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 
substance. Tbe nucleolus is generally a deep dark red. The 
double staining is specially recommended for tbe cerebellum, to 
make the granulated layers conspicuous. The Purkinje cells remain 
quite red, both nucleus as well as cell. I cannot recommend it, how- 
ever, for the peripheral nerve system. In some few special cases it is 
applicable. The nerves in the bladder of the frog are very finely 
disjdayed. Methyl-violet (not the other colours) stains the fine nerves 
in the skin of the lamprey very beautifully. 
(5) The Alimentary Canal. — We now come to a region in which 
the method answers very well— the glands ; for, first, we arc able to 
find constant differences in the staining of different glands ; and 
secondly, in many cases, differences in the staining of the cells of the 
same glands, according to their condition. A very fine example of 
the first case is furnished by the aquiparous and muciparous glands 
in the root of the tongue. The first show a bright red protoplasm, 
with beautiful blue nuclei ; the muciparous are stained with such an 
intense blue that the nucleus is often not visible. Both kinds of glands 
stand out also splendidly from the red muscular substratum. Examples 
of the second case are the gl. submaxill. and sublingualis. In the so- 
called state of rest, the cells are coloured uniformly blue, although 
not with the same intensity as the muciparous glands on the body of 
the tongue ; the still darker blue nuclei lie, as is known, as though 
pressed flat close to one edge. In the so-called state of activity the 
cells are a granulated red colour, with round blue nuclei in the middle. 
The ‘ half-moons ’ are always red. The parotid has bright red cells, 
with blue nuclei. The pancreas is similar, only that the tint is rather 
bluer. One gland, the lachrymal — which, however, does not belong 
here — has most peculiar red cells. 
The epithelium of the mouth, tongue, and oesophagus separate 
themselves, on being stained, into a superior and inferior layer, and 
the epithelium and the glands of the stomach and intestines are excel- 
lently adapted for the staining.” 
The effects of the staining on (6) Liver, (7) Organs of resjiiration, 
(8) Urinary organs, (9 and 10) Male and female sexual organs, 
(11) Blood-vessels, (12) Lymphatic glands, &c., and (13) Organs of 
sense, are detailed in a similar manner, but must be omitted here for 
want of space. 
The Ordinary Microscope as a Polariscope for Convergent Light . — 
In reference to Professor A. de Lesaulx’s suggestions on this subject 
(see p. 207), M. Bertrand claims to be an independent discoverer with 
the Professor of the advantages to be derived from adding two 
achromatic lenses of short focus above the lower Nicol. He places, 
however, a third achromatic lens of about 3^ centim. focus above the 
posterior lens of the objective, at a distance a little greater than 
the focus, and capable of being slightly moved nearer or farther from 
the objective according to the power used. It should also be able to 
be removed easily from the microscope, so as to allow of the object 
being viewed in the first instance by parallel light. 
Neiv Aerobic Vihrion. — M. H. Toussaint has recently described a 
vibrion which he found in a rabbit inoculated with the blood of a 
