294 
NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 
When mixed in the culture liquids the bacteria and the new 
vibrions develop side by side. When animals are inoculated with 
them (taking care to have only a very small quantity of the latter) 
the two parasites are developed simultaneously, and on a microscopic 
examination are found associated in the blood. But on the second 
inoculation the bacteria are still localized at the point of inoculation, 
whilst death has already taken place in consequence of the much 
more active multiplication of the vibrions. 
In a foot-note the author adds that he has found Eanvier’s warm 
chamber extremely convenient for studying all the lower beings, and 
particularly bacteria. Their elongation can be followed minute by 
minute, and the transformation into spores as well as the elongation 
of the spores to re-form the bacteria. He was thus able recently to 
determine that the bacteria cultivated in certain liquids, especially in 
the perum of the blood of the dog, give sometimes true sporangia, 
globular or in “calabashes” filled with spores.^ 
“ The Projection of Microscope Photographs^ — Dr. J. C. Draper, 
Professor of Natural History in the College of the City of New 
York, contributes an article under this heading to the ‘American 
Journal of Science and Arts.’ In the lanterns that are constructed 
for the projection of photographic or other images on a screen, the. 
siq^port or stage on which the photographic slide is placed is close to 
and at an invariable distance from the condensing lens. So long as the 
objects to be projected are nearly equal in size to the diameter of the 
condenser, this is the only adjustment that can be made to illuminate 
the whole surface of the object, but when the diameter of the field 
occupied by the object is only one-half or one-quarter of the diameter 
of the condensing lens, the brilliancy of the result obtained upon the 
screen may be greatly increased by removing the supporting stage or 
object cirrier to a greater distance from the condenser, so that a con- 
vergent beam of light may fall on the object to be projected. To 
accomplish this I have constructed the following form of lantern. 
In the figure, a is a zirconia light mounted on an adjustable base,! 
which may be used with a condensing lens of very short focus, since 
the zirconia is not burrowed into cavities where the oxyhydrogen 
flame impinges, as happens with lime cylinders, and causes the flame 
to be reflected on the condensing lens, and thereby destroys it. In 
the jet employed, the gases are mixed just before they are ignited. 
h,h is a short-focus condensing lens ; c, the stage or support carrying 
the photographic or other design to be projected ; d, the projection lens 
formed of three sets of lenses, and giving a perfectly flat rectilinear field ; 
a, c, d are mounted on a base board e, f to the end of which the 
lantern box a, h is attached, and which is freely opened above and 
below to permit perfect ventilation. The base carries lateral grooves 
in which a, c, d slide, allowing them to be placed at varying distances 
from &, and fixed by suitable binding screws ; c and d are also con- 
nected ^together by a rod r, carrying an adjustment screw at r, by 
* ‘ Comptes Kendus,’ vol. Ixxxvii. p. 69. 
t See ‘American Journal of Science and Arts,’ Sept. 1877, p. 208. 
